Topic_10_Vocabulary

Topic 10 Vocabulary

Essentials: Something you need to survive.
Substances: A particular kind of matter (solid, liquid, or gas) with uniform properties.
Multicellular: Made of more than one cell.
Efficient: Achieving maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort or expense.
Diffusion: Movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
Osmosis: Movement of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of higher water potential to an area of lower water potential.
Semi-permeable membrane: A membrane that allows certain small molecules (e.g., water, oxygen) to pass through while blocking larger molecules.

Hydroponic farming: A method of growing plants in water containing dissolved nutrients without soil.
Nutrients: Substances that provide energy and materials for growth and repair.
Mineral salts: Essential minerals such as sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and calcium needed for plant growth.
Xylem: Vascular tissue that transports water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.
Phloem: Vascular tissue that transports food substances from leaves to the rest of the plant.
Transpiration: Loss of water vapor from the aerial parts of a plant, primarily through stomata in leaves.
Translocation: Movement of food substances (sugars) through the phloem to different parts of the plant.
Vascular bundles: Structures containing xylem and phloem tissues, which transport substances within a plant.
Photosynthesis: Process by which green plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen.

Circulatory system: The system responsible for transporting blood, nutrients, and oxygen throughout the body.
Heart: A muscular organ that pumps blood through the circulatory system.
Arteries: Blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart.
Veins: Blood vessels that carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart.
Capillaries: Tiny blood vessels where the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients occurs between blood and tissues.
Plasma: The liquid component of blood that transports cells, nutrients, hormones, and waste products.
Red blood cells: Blood cells that transport oxygen using the protein hemoglobin.
White blood cells: Blood cells that help protect the body against infections and foreign invaders.
Platelets: Cell fragments involved in blood clotting to prevent excessive bleeding.
Hemoglobin: A protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen and gives blood its red color.
Oxygenated: Blood rich in oxygen.
Deoxygenated: Blood carrying carbon dioxide instead of oxygen.