Untitled Flashcards Set

Inside a Cell Interactive -     https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cells/insideacell20/  

You will be creating a set of notes about bacteria, plant and animal cells using the Inside a Cell Interactive site.   Read the introduction page, recap the information, then watch the videos to create your notes:  Use a black font for your notes.

Bacteria:

A Way to get and use energy: 

molecules from ATP

ATP moves throughout the cell and can be released quickly. It holds small doses of energy

A set of instructions: 

Genes are instructions to build molecules that do work in the cell

DNA holds information to copy itself

• Passes on those instructions to make more cells

  • Another part of what it means to be alive

• Life is just a long process of genetic instructions

A way to get rid of waste: 

enzymes digest the larger molecules like proteins and make them smaller. They will either be turned into energy, turned into new molecules or turned into waste.

A container: 

The cell membrane separates a cell

Membrane controls what gets in and out

• Water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide can come through the membrane itself

• Others (nutrients) may need to come in as proteins 

  • Needs energy to move in and out

A way to read the instructions:

Genes are instructions for building proteins

• To read a gene, a cell needs to make a copy 

  • Copy joins ribosome

    • Ribosome gets decoded to build a protein

      • Protein joins the cytoskeleton

      • Other proteins go different places throughout the cell

Plant:

A Way to get and use energy:

• molecules from ATP

  • ATP moves throughout the cell and can be released quickly. It holds small doses of energy

    • Uses chloroplasts to make energy

A set of instructions:

DNA holds all information for building a living thing

• Genes are instruction on how to copy itself and pass on the instructions to make more cells 

A way to get rid of waste:

Vacuole

• Where large waste pieces go

• Enzymes digest waste

• Cells turn the broken down molecules into new molecules, getting rid of them or burning for energy

  • Molecules choose to get rid or leave through cell membrane

A container:

Cell membrane

• One of two layers

• Helps to control what goes in and out

  • Some molecules can cross on their own

  • Some need to move through proteins

A way to read the instructions:

Genes

• Instructions for building proteins

  • Some are made in cytoplasm 

• Ribosomes

  • Decodes messages to build proteins

    • Joins the cytoskeleton

      • Some get pushed into the ER as they are made

        • Vesicle takes to Golgi

          • They get processed and taken based of where they need to go

            • Get taken to where they need to go

  • Join gene copies

Animal:

A Way to get and use energy: 

Cells get most of their energy from a molecule called ATP

• ATP moves throughout the cell, and it carries small doses of energy that can be released really quick

  • Doesn’t move in or out of cells, so each has to make their own. 

    • To make ATP, animals need to take in fuel, like sugar and fats.

      • The proteins will break these molecules down to release energy, then the energy will be transferred to ATP

• All of this takes place in mitochondria 

  • Uses oxygen

• Releases carbon dioxide as a waste product

A set of instructions:

Inside the nucleus, DNA holds all the information for building a living thing

• Genes are instructions for building molecules that work in the cell

  • DNA holds information to copy itself

    • Can pass itself on and make even more cells

      • Another part of what it means to be alive

• Life is a complicated system of what it means to be alive

A way to get rid of waste:

Large items like worn out cell parts go to lysosomes

• Enzymes inside digest the waste in smaller molecules 

  • Cells can turn them into new molecules, burn them for energy, or get rid of them

    • Small waste products go out the cell membrane

      • Carbon Dioxide can cross the cell membrane on its own

      • Others molecules need to cross as proteins

A container:

Cell membrane, a barrier separating the cell from the outside world 

• Helps what gets in and out

• Water, Oxygen, and Carbon Dioxide can travel through the cell membrane by itself

• Nutrients move in and out of the cell through proteins

  • Need energy to move in and out

• This also has membranes on the inside

  • Each compartment has different jobs and different things inside

A way to read the instructions:

Genes are the instructions for building proteins

• Reading a gene means the cell makes a copy first

  • Copies join with ribosomes

  • Some proteins are made in the ribosome

    • Ribosome gets decoded to build a protein

      • Joins cytoskeleton 

        • Some get pushed into ER as they are made

          • Vesicle takes them into the Golgi

          • They get processed and tagged depending on where they go

            • How proteins get out of the cell, or a compartment inside the cell.