Music Appreciation Test 3

Classical Period (1750 - 1820)

Characteristics of Classical Period

• Melody: Singable melodies

• Harmony: major/minor system in use

• Rhythm:  strong/steady pulse, speeding up or slowing down

• Orchestration: Full orchestra

• Text: Whichever language the composer chooses (secular & sacred)

• Texture: Predominantly homophonic although polyphonic is still in use

• Dynamics: Greater degrees in dynamics, used extensively to create shades of mood

• Mood: Variety of mood 

Instrumental Forms

• Symphony

  • Four movements

  • For Orchestra

• String Quartet

  • Four Movements

    • Four Instruments

      • 2 Violins

      • Viola

      • Cello

• Sonata

  • Three movements

  • For solo instruments

  • First movement in Sonata Allegro Form

• Concerto

  • Three movements

  • Solo instrument & Orchestra

  • First movement in Sonata Allegro Form
    
    

Sonata Allegro Form

• Exposition

  • Theme 1: In Tonic Key (I)

  • Transition (modulates)

  • Theme 2: In Dominant Key (V)

  • Harmonic Digression

  • Closing Theme 

  • : || “repeat”

• Development

  • Multiple Modulations (key changes)

• Recapitulation

  • Exposition

  • Theme 1: Tonic Key

  • Re-transition

  • Theme 2: Tonic

  • 2nd Harmonic Digression

  • Closing Theme

Composers

• Haydn

  • Relatively Content in Patronage

• Mozart

  • Tries to break away from Patronage but fails

• Beethoven

  • Was successful, paid to stay in Vienna

  • Breaks away from Patronage system

Patronage 

• Composers paid by the Church or Aristocrats

• Told what to write

String Quartet

• 2nd Movement

  • Theme + Variations

    • Mozart

    • Haydn (Surprise Symphony)

  • Song Form - ABA

  • Sonata Allegro

Minuet

• Scherzo: Beethoven

• 3rd Movement in String Quartet or Symphony

• 3 Instruments originally, continued with more

• Dance Form

• Triple Meter: ¾

• Form

  • Minuet

  • Trio

  • Minuet

• Mozart: Eine Kleine Nachtmusik K. 525, III

Rondo

• Last Movement for all four 

• Rondo (“Return”)

• Types

  • Five-part

    • A,B,A,C,A

    • Similar to Sonata Allegro Form

  • Seven-part

    • Sonata Rondo Form

    • A,B,A,C,A,B,A

  • Beethoven String Quartet
    
    
    

Classical Symphony

• Haydn: wrote 104+

• Beethoven: wrote 40+

• Mozart: wrote 9

  
  

• Extended, ambitious composition

  • Lasts between 20-40+mins

• 1st Movement

  • Fast, Sonata Allegro Form

• Coda

  • Introduced by Haydn

  • “Tailpiece”, extra added at end

• 2nd Movement

  • Slow

  • Sonata, Song, OR Theme + Variations

• 3rd Movement

  • Minuet or Trio

• 4th Movement

  • Light, fast, lively

Classical Concerto

• 3 Movements

  • Orchestra 

  • Solo Instruments

  • Fast, Slow, Fast

• Cadenza

  • 1st Movement

  • Solo Performance; gets to show off technique

  • Improvisational

Classical Chamber

• Designed for intimate settings

• 2-9 musicians

• 4 Movements

  • Fast, Slow, Minuet, Scherto

Haydn

• Served a powerful noble family

• Relatively Content w/ Patronage System

• Pioneer of String Quartet and Symphony

• Trumpet Concerto

Winton Marcellus

• Trumpeter

Mozart

• Greatest Opera Dramatist ever