Neural Crest Cells Overview

Neural Crest Cells

• Definition: Neural crest cells are migratory cells that originate from the neural tube and are crucial for the development of various structures in the body.

• Key Functions:

  • Form pigment cells (melanocytes)
  • Contribute to the peripheral nervous system (PNS)
  • Contribute to the formation of cartilage and bone in the head

Origin of Neural Crest Cells

• Location: Arise at the border between the epidermis and the neural plate.
  • Stages of Development:
  • Premigratory Neural Crest: Found at the border of the epidermis and neural plate.
  • Delaminating Neural Crest Cells: Cells that detach from the neuroepithelium.
  • Migratory Neural Crest Cells: Cells that move away from their origin.
• Induction Factors:
  • Wnt Signaling: Wnt induces bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, promoting the formation of neural crest cells.

Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT)

• Cadherin Expression:
  • Neural crest cells initially express cadherin-6B.
  • This expression decreases during EMT, leading to increased mobility of these cells.
• Contact Inhibition of Locomotion:
  • When two migrating cells touch, they change direction, allowing for collective movement away from their origin.