Important component of the longitudinal arch and assists in the shock absorption and maintaining the integrity of the arch
MOI: running on uneven surfaces and stepping in holes or divots
S&S
Pain and tenderness distal to the heel of the foot on the medial aspect of the arch
Pain with weight bearing
Slight swelling over injury site
Treatment:
RICE
Orthotics or padding to provide support
RTP as tolerated
Plantar Fasciitis
Plantar Fascia: fibrous tissue on the bottom of the foot that runs the length of the foot to help strengthen the arch complex
The fascia can become inflamed as a result to chronic stress.
The initial stress causing the fascia to tighten, which decreases range of motion (ROM) and increases the stress on the tissue.
As the stress increases, the tightness and inflammation increases causing more damage to the fascia.
MOI: overuse/chronic, anatomy
S&S
Pain most often at the distal aspect of the heel on the lateral side
Pain that is most severe with the first steps out of bed in the morning
Tightness and decreased ROM at the midfoot
Slight swelling at injury site
Treatment:
Ultrasound therapy
Ice massage
Friction massage (tennis or lacrosse ball) -> break down scar tissue
Stretching
Medication
Night Splint (keep dorsiflexed position)
Heel Contusion
MOI: stepping on a hard object or jumping from a high height
Injury may also develop chronically from repetitive compression (worn down shoes without proper cushioning)
S&S
Point tender on heel
Slight discoloration
Pain with ground contact
Treatment
RICE
Heel cup or heel taping when playing sports
X-ray to rule out fx
Turf Toe
Sprain of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint
MOI: hyperextension or hyperflexion motion of the joint
S&S
Pain at 1st MTP joint
Pain with flexion or extension of 1st MTP
Pain and discomfort with running, especially push off
Slight swelling and discoloration
Treatment
RICE
Referral to physician to rule out fx
Turf toe tape or steel insole to decrease motion
Bunion and Bunionette
Bunion: protrusion medially from 1st metatarsal head, inflammation of the synovial bursa resulting in the enlargement of the joint and lateral displacement of the toe
Bunionette: similar injury expect it occurs at the 5th metatarsal
MOI: chronic and increases in size over time, 1st metatarsal head moving medially causing inflammation in surrounding tissue and forcing the first toe in the opposite direction
S&S
Pain, especially with shoes on
Redness and swelling
Obvious protrusion of the 1st or 5th metatarsal with opposite movement of the associated toes