World War II Struggles and Result

The Great Depression and the New Deal

• Economic downturn during the 1930s. Widespread unemployment, poverty, del=cline in industrial production

• Economic Programs initiated my Roosevelt. Provide relief, recover, and reform.

Stock Market Bubble:

• When stock prices are driven to high levels by excessive speculation. Optimism and investor confidence. The bubble Burts, leading to sharp decline in prices

Buying on the margin:

• Purchasing stocks with borrowed money. Contributed to the stock market bubble bursting

Black Tuesday:

• Stock market crashed, start of the Great Depression. October 29, 1929.

Franklin Roosevelt:

Ran for president when he was governor of NY

First Hundred Days:

Roosevelt implemented numerous New Deal programs that helped address the economic crisis, helped with for active role of the deferral government in the affairs

Bank holiday and FDIC:

• Bank Holiday: temporary closure of banks. Stabilized banking system and restore public confidence

• FDIC: established as part of the new deal. Ensured bank deposits and prevent future bank failures.

Purpose of the SEC:

Established part of the new deal. Regulates securities industry and protect investors against fraud.

Dust Bowl:

Severe drought and dust storm. Widespread agricultural devastation and forced farmers to migrate

Wagner Act:

• Guaranteed workers the right to organize and bargain collectively through labor unions

Social Security Act:

Established the social system in the US. Providing retirement pensions, unemployment insurance, and assistance to families.

Munich Conference and Neville Chamberlain:

Munich Conference: meeting led between European leaders. Dress the issue of Czechoslovakia’s terriortoral integrity. Chamberlains policy of appeasement which involved making concessions to hitler to avoid war.

Soviet-Nazi Nonaggression Pact:

• The Soviet-Nazi Nonaggression Pact, signed in 1939, was an agreement between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union not to attack each other.  Allowed Hitler to avoid a two-front war and facilitated the subsequent invasion and partition of Poland between Germany and the Soviet Union.

September 1, 1939:

• On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland, marking the beginning of World War II in Europe.

Hitler's Expansion in 1940:

• In the spring of 1940, Hitler expanded Nazi military power by launching successful military campaigns, including the invasion of Denmark and Norway, followed by the invasion of France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands.

Battle of Britain:

• air campaign fought between (RAF) summer and autumn of 1940. It was a crucial turning point in World War II. Britain successfully defended against German

Lend-Lease:

• provide military aid and supplies to Allied nations, including Britain, the Soviet Union, and China, during World War II, without immediate payment.                                         

• December 7, 1941:

Japan launched a surprise military strike on the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor,

Bataan Death March:

The Bataan Death March was a forced transfer of Filipino and American prisoners of war by Japanese forces after the Battle of Bataan in the Philippines in 1942. It resulted in the deaths of thousands of prisoners due to harsh conditions, brutality, and lack of food and water.

Island-Hopping Strategy:

sland-hopping was a military strategy employed by the Allies, primarily the United States, during World War II in the Pacific theater. It involved capturing key islands controlled by the Japanese while bypassing others, with the ultimate goal of isolating and weakening Japanese forces.

Harlon Block:

Harlon Block was a United States Marine who participated in the raising of the American flag on Mount Suribachi during the Battle of Iwo Jima in World War II. He became famous as one of the six Marines immortalized in the iconic photograph taken by Joe Rosenthal.