Part 1 lecture recording on 12 March 2025 at 09.13.58 AM

Introduction

• Lecture context: Discussion on the integumentary system, its structure, functions, and importance.

• Use of bingo cards for interactive learning session.

• Instructor aware of audio issues in previous lectures, working to improve quality.

Announcements

• Exam Review: Group exam review scheduled for today from 01:30 to 02:30 in Modesto, Glacier Hall 101.

• Columbia Students: Exam review tentatively scheduled for Friday morning.

• Importance of attending office hours if signed up and notifying instructors if unable to attend.

Integumentary System Overview

• The integumentary system includes skin, hair, nails, and specialized glands.

• Functions:

  • Physical barrier against pathogens and environmental hazards.

  • Temperature regulation.

  • Sensation reception.

• Skin constitutes about 16% of visible body weight and covers roughly 1.7 square feet when laid flat.

Functions of Skin

• Protection: Acts as the first line of defense against pathogens.

  • Structure comprises three layers:

    • Epidermis: Outermost layer, renewed every four weeks, primarily made of keratinocytes.

    • Dermis: Contains nerve endings, glands, and collagen.

    • Hypodermis: Subcutaneous tissue that anchors skin and stores fat.

• Regulation::

  • Blood flow regulation in relation to temperature.

  • Sweat production for cooling.

• Sensation:

  • Contains Merkel cells and numerous receptors that contribute to the sense of touch.

Skin Assessment

• Importance of skin assessment in clinical settings.

• Subjective Data: Patient's reported symptoms, medical history, medication use.

• Objective Data: Observable physical signs during assessment.

  • Examples of observable conditions: cyanosis, jaundice, erythema, ecchymosis.

Aging and Skin Changes

• Skin changes with age:

  • Decreased subcutaneous fat and collagen.

  • Increased rigidity and thickness in nails.

• Notable effects on geriatric populations:

  • Increased frailty of skin and susceptibility to injury.

Common Skin Lesions

• Primary Lesions: Categorized by appearance and characteristics.

  • Macule: Flat, nonpalpable, less than 0.5 mm (e.g., freckles).

  • Papule: Elevated, greater than 0.5 mm (e.g., warts).

  • Pustule: Elevated, pus-filled (e.g., acne).

  • Vesicle: Small, fluid-filled blister (e.g., chickenpox).

  • Wheal: Irregular, firm lesion (e.g., insect bites).

• Secondary Lesions: Develop from primary lesions or due to external factors.

  • Examples:

    • Atrophy: Thin, dry skin (e.g., cigarette paper appearance).

    • Ulcers: Deeper skin lesions, may indicate infection.

Assessment Techniques

• Visual Examination: Look for discoloration, lesions, or abnormalities particularly in mucous membranes, sclera, nail beds, and buccal mucosa.

• Palpation: Assess temperature, moisture, texture of skin.

  • Identify areas of warmth or coolness, hydration status.

Conclusion

• Emphasis on constant vigilance in skin health, particularly in different populations.

• Recognition of normal variations in skin color and appearance crucial for accurate assessment.

• Reminder for students to utilize the textbook for further information and study materials (pages 459, 464, 466, and 467 referenced).

Questions and Interactive Learning

• Encouragement for students to ask questions and clarify concepts as part of active learning.

• Participation in activities using bingo to reinforce knowledge on skin assessments and lesions.