Memorize

Article II = executive branch

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Federalist 78 = Alexander Hamilton wrote about the judiciary, judges serve for life, judiciary review, it’s the weakest branch, and it protects people’s rights.

Federalist 70 = the essay Alexander Hamilton wrote saying there should only be one executive

25th amendment = outlines procedures for presidential succession and disability

22nd amendment = the president can only serve two terms in office

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Baker vs Carr = Established one person one vote, Tennessee wasn’t redrawing congressional districts, causing rural areas to have more representation than urban. (unfair)

Shaw vs Reno = Limited racial gerrymandering, NC made weird districts to increase black representation, whites sued.

Marbury vs Madison = Established Judicial Review, John Adams made Marbury a judge as he was leaving office, Thomas Jefferson (going into presidency) told Madison not to deliver the commission making Marbury a judge. Marbury sued, the court said it was unconstitutional that he sued.

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Elastic Clause = Gives Congress the power to make all laws that are necessary and proper to carry out its expressed powers.

Commerce Clause = Allows Congress to regulate interstate and international commerce (trade).

Advice and Consent Clause = Gives the Senate the power to approve presidential appointments (like Supreme Court Justices, Cabinet members, etc.) and ratify treaties.

Appointments Clause = Gives the president the power to appoint judges, ambassadors, and executive officers with Senate approval.

Impeachment Clause = The House of Representatives has the sole power of impeachment. Senate has the sole power to try impeachments and remove officials from office.

Supremacy Clause = Establishes the Constitution, federal laws, and treaties as the supreme law of the land, overriding state laws.

Veto Clause = Gives the President the power to veto bills passed by Congress.