Music Appreciation Test 4

Characteristics

• Individuality of Style

• Expressive Aims & Subjects

• Nationalism & Exoticism

• Program Music

• Expressive Tone Color (wide range)

• Forms: Miniature and Monumental

• Melody: Continued to be singable, could be extended in length and involve more chromaticism.

• Harmony: Chromaticism, accidentals added + frequent use of extended chords/harmony. 9ths, 11ths, 13ths are built to add onto existing chords; Expressive and colorful.

• Rhythm: Varying meters and changes, complicated mixes in meters to extend variety.

• Orchestration: Expanded to more instruments, different sounds and tones. Brass and percussion section is expanded.

• Text: Any text, whichever the composer chooses.

• Texture: Mixture of all methods, great use of homophony, polyphony, and monophony.

• Dynamics: Extreme variety in degrees of how loud or soft sound can be.

• Mood: Variety of mood within each movement.

The Art Song

• Another form of Chamber Music

• Meant to be enjoyed at home

• Liet: song with German text

• Can be solo or with other 

• Elements

  • Lyrics

  • Pianist

  • Instruments

Song Cycle

• Music related thematically

Strophic

• Used over and over/repeating

Through-composed

• New music each section

Schubert

• Earliest Master of Romanticism

• Important in the creation of the Art Song

• 1st whose income came entirely from composition

• Erlkonig

R. Schumann

• Music’s first great critic

• Soaring

Clara Vieck Schumann

• Greatest female pianist of her time

Chopin

• Wrote exclusively for the piano

  • Only two pieces for other instruments

  • Both Homework assignments

• Nocturne

• Prelude

Liszt

• Greatest pianist of his time

• Etude 

• Creator of Symphonic Poem/Tone Poem

Mendelsohn

• Violin Concerto

Program Music

• Monumental works

• Associated with a story, idea, or theme

• 3 Forms

  • Program Symphony

    • Several movements

  • Concert Overture

    • One movement

    • Usually in Sonata Form

  • Symphonic Poem

    • One movement

    • Can be Sonata, Song, Rondo, or Theme & Variations

  
  

Berlioz

• Expanded Romantic Orchestra

  • Brass Section & Percussion

• Wrote Major Treatise on using Orchestra

• Symphonie Fantastique

  • Five Movement Symphony

  • Idee Fixe Melody

Smetana

• The Moldau

• Program Music + Nationalist Music

Dvorak

• New World Symphony

Tchaikovsky

• …

Brahms

• Continued to write in old style w/ Romantic elements

• Neo-Classicist

• Symphony No. 3