Chapter 05 Flashcards

The components of nucleic acids are _____

A nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group

The sex hormones estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone belongs to which class of molecules

Lipids

Sugars have a ___ group that interacts with a ____ group that forms ring structures when the dry molecule is placed in water.

Carbonyl (-C=O); hydroxyl (-OH)

A polysaccharide that is used for storing energy in human muscle and liver cells is ___

Glycogen

A shortage of phosphorus in the soil would make it especially difficult for a plant to manufacture ____

DNA

Protein molecules are polymers (chains) of ____

Amino acid molecules

The peptide bond is ____

A covalent bond joining amino acids together to form a polypeptide

When comparing saturated and naturally occurring unsaturated fats, the unsaturated fats have ___ and are ____ at room temperature

Cis double bonds; liquids

Sickle-cell anemia is a disease that is caused by ___ in the ____ of the protein

A single amino acid change; primary structure

In a dehydration synthesis reaction, ____ is always formed as a by-product of the reaction

Water

The molecule with four fused rings that is found in animal membranes and is the precursor of vertebrae sex hormones is ____

Cholesterol 

Nitrogenous bases are classified as either purines or pyrimidines. Examples of purines are ___

Adenine and guanine

The tertiary structure of a protein includes all of the following interactions except ___ bonds

Peptide

The lipids that form the main structural component of cell membranes are ___

Phospholipids

One characteristic shared by sucrose, lactose, and maltose is that ____

They are all disaccharides 

Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?

Dehydration reactions assemble polymers; hydrolysis breaks polymers apart.

The difference between an aldose sugar and a ketose sugar is ____.

The position of the carbonyl group.

Polymers are made of connected monomer subunits that are joined by what type of bonds?

Covalent bonds.

How many molecules of water are needed to completely hydrolyze a polymer that is 11 monomers long?

10. The last two monomers in the polymer will be hydrolyzed by just one water molecule to break the dimers

All of the following are polysaccharides except:

Lactose, it is a disaccharide

Lipids cannot be considered polymers because

They are not composed of monomer subunits.

Which of the following statements is false for the class of biological molecules known as lipids?

They are soluble in water.

You disrupt all hydrogen bonds in a protein. What level of structure will be preserved?

Primary structure

The tertiary structure of a protein is the 

Unique three-dimensional shape of the fully folded polypeptide

Which of the following is a major difference between RNA and DNA?

Type of sugar

Which of the following pairs of base sequences could form a short stretch of a normal double helix of DNA?

5’ - ATGC - 3’ with 5’ - GCAT - 3’

What is the structural feature that allows DNA to replicate?

Complementary base pairing of the nitrogenous bases

Which type of biological polymer has the least diversity in physicochemical properties and structure?

DNA