What are the two phases of breathing (pulmonary ventilation)?
a) Internal and external respiration
b) Inhalation and exhalation
c) Gas exchange and cellular respiration
d) Ventilation and diffusion
Which of the following is true about inspiration?
a) It is a passive process
b) It involves muscle contractions
c) It occurs when pressure inside the lungs is greater than atmospheric pressure
d) It requires no energy
Expiration is mostly a:
a) Passive process
b) Muscle contraction process
c) Process driven by the diaphragm
d) Voluntary process
Air moves from:
a) High pressure to low pressure
b) Low pressure to high pressure
c) High volume to low volume
d) Outside the lungs to inside only
What happens to lung pressure during inhalation?
a) It increases above atmospheric pressure
b) It stays the same as atmospheric pressure
c) It decreases below atmospheric pressure
d) It fluctuates randomly
What is the pressure inside the alveoli called?
a) Atmospheric pressure
b) Intrapulmonary pressure (Ppul)
c) Intrapleural pressure (Pip)
d) Tidal pressure
What happens to pressure in the pleural cavity (Pip) during breathing?
a) It remains equal to alveolar pressure
b) It is always lower than alveolar pressure
c) It increases during inhalation
d) It matches atmospheric pressure
What law explains the relationship between pressure and volume in the lungs?
a) Henry’s Law
b) Dalton’s Law
c) Boyle’s Law
d) Charles’ Law
What is the result of lung collapse (atelectasis)?
a) Pneumonia
b) Pneumothorax
c) Emphysema
d) Bronchitis
During expiration, what forces push air out of the lungs?
a) Muscle contraction
b) Elastic recoil and surface tension
c) Increase in lung volume
d) Airway constriction
Forced expiration involves:
a) Only diaphragm movement
b) No muscle activity
c) Accessory muscles
d) Decreased pressure inside the lungs
What does lung compliance refer to?
a) Airflow resistance
b) Effort required to stretch the lungs
c) Oxygen absorption
d) Carbon dioxide diffusion
What does increased airway resistance cause?
a) Easier breathing
b) Decreased airflow
c) Faster diffusion of gases
d) More lung compliance
What is the normal tidal volume (TV) in a resting adult?
a) 150 mL
b) 500 mL
c) 1000 mL
d) 1200 mL
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) refers to:
a) Air that remains in the lungs after expiration
b) Maximum air inhaled beyond tidal volume
c) Air exhaled beyond tidal volume
d) Air lost during gas exchange
What is vital capacity (VC)?
a) Total lung volume
b) Air that remains after full exhalation
c) Maximum amount of air exchangeable (TV + IRV + ERV)
d) Sum of all lung capacities
What does spirometry measure?
a) Blood pressure
b) Lung volume and capacity
c) Heart rate
d) Gas diffusion
What is anatomical dead space?
a) Alveoli that cannot exchange gas
b) Air in conducting respiratory passages
c) Collapsed lung tissue
d) Air trapped in the pleural cavity
What is forced vital capacity (FVC)?
a) Total air volume in the lungs
b) Air exhaled after deep inspiration
c) Air inhaled in a single breath
d) Residual lung volume
Which non-respiratory air movement clears the lower respiratory tract?
a) Coughing
b) Sneezing
c) Hiccuping
d) Yawning
Atmospheric air is composed mostly of:
a) Oxygen
b) Nitrogen
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Water vapor
What is the atmospheric pressure at sea level?
a) 500 mm Hg
b) 760 mm Hg
c) 800 mm Hg
d) 1013 mm Hg
What is the primary factor that drives oxygen into the blood?
a) Partial pressure gradient
b) Blood volume
c) Heart rate
d) Carbon dioxide levels
Which law states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of its individual gas pressures?
a) Boyle’s Law
b) Dalton’s Law
c) Henry’s Law
d) Charles’ Law
Henry’s Law states that gas dissolving in liquid depends on:
a) Temperature and volume
b) Pressure and solubility
c) Resistance and compliance
d) Airflow and humidity
Which gas is most soluble in blood plasma?
a) Oxygen
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Nitrogen
d) Helium
What happens when a scuba diver ascends too quickly?
a) Increased oxygen absorption
b) Nitrogen bubbles form in the blood
c) Increased lung capacity
d) Carbon dioxide buildup
What is the main carrier of oxygen in the blood?
a) Plasma
b) Hemoglobin
c) White blood cells
d) Red blood cell membrane
What is the normal resting PO2 in the alveoli?
a) 40 mm Hg
b) 104 mm Hg
c) 200 mm Hg
d) 50 mm Hg
What does the Haldane effect describe?
a) Oxygen binding to hemoglobin
b) More CO2 binding to hemoglobin when O2 levels are low
c) The effects of lung volume on gas exchange
d) The role of surfactant in alveoli
What enzyme catalyzes the conversion of CO2 and water into carbonic acid?
a) Amylase
b) Carbonic anhydrase
c) Hemoglobinase
d) Catalase
What causes respiratory acidosis?
a) Hyperventilation
b) High CO2 levels in the blood
c) Low blood pressure
d) Alkaline pH
Knowt
Note
Studied by 5 people
