FINAL EXAM HIS202

Between 1860 and 1900, one in every five men actually did this.

• Answer: Vote

Between 1860 and 1900, Americans spent more money on this than on clothes or shoes.

• Answer: Tobacco

The iron capital of the South.

• Answer: Birmingham

A term used to describe statutes put in place for the separation of Blacks from whites.

• Answer: Jim Crow Laws

Battle in which Crazy Horse and the Sioux tribe killed Custer and showed the unity of Sioux and Cheyenne tribes.

• Answer: Battle of the Little Bighorn

Railroad linking the West to the East and establishing a secure trade route across the United States.

• Answer: The U.S. Transcontinental Railroad

Name of William F. "Buffalo Bill" Cody's attraction that gave Americans an idea of how the new western frontier was portrayed.

• Answer: Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show

Known as "The Wizard of Menlo Park," this inventor is credited with numerous advancements in electrical power.

• Answer: Thomas Edison

Used a code of dots and dashes to send messages through electrical wires.

• Answer: Morse Code

While experimenting with ways of communicating with the deaf, this inventor organized the American Telephone and Telegraph Company.

• Answer: Alexander Graham Bell

Owner of the Standard Oil Company; this philanthropist helped boom the oil industry in America.

• Answer: John D. Rockefeller

Entrepreneur who took advantage of the "boom-and-bust" business cycle with steel.

• Answer: Andrew Carnegie

Gave the government power to break up trusts or big businesses.

• Answer: The Sherman Antitrust Act

Facility opened in the late 1800s that greeted new immigrants arriving into New York Harbor.

• Answer: Ellis Island

Facility opened in the late 1800s that greeted new immigrants arriving into San Francisco Bay.

• Answer: Angel Island

A policy favoring native inhabitants as opposed to immigrants.

• Answer: Nativism

Products introduced during this decade were Campbell's soup, Quaker oats, Pillsbury flour, Jell-O, and Cracker Jacks.

• Answer: 1890s

Dictated that personal conduct be based on orderly behavior and disciplined moralism.

• Answer: Middle-class life code of behavior

Fearing the effects of alcohol on the family, she became the second president of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union in 1879.

• Answer: Frances Willard

Reform movement in the 19th and 20th centuries to restrain the sale and use of alcohol.

• Answer: Temperance Movement

Year Richard W. Sears and Alvah C. Roebuck started sending out catalogs for consumers to purchase goods for the home.

• Answer: 1887

Year the American League was established in baseball.

• Answer: 1901

Year Scott Joplin wrote "Maple Leaf Rag."

• Answer: 1899

Created "The Greatest Show on Earth" to provide circus entertainment for crowds all over America, Europe, and Asia.

• Answer: P.T. Barnum and his partners

Percent of eligible voters that turned out for Presidential elections between 1860 and 1900.

• Answer: Approximately 80%

This would be the foundation of government assistance to people in America.

• Answer: The Constitution

Who said, "While the people should patriotically and cheerfully support their Government its functions do not include the support of the people."

• Answer: Grover Cleveland

Poll tax and literacy tests for voting showed this to many African Americans.

• Answer: Disenfranchisement

Founded the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama in 1881.

• Answer: Booker T. Washington

Author of On the Origin of Species in 1859.

• Answer: Charles Darwin

Brand of newspaper reporting that stresses excitement and shock over evenhandedness and dull fact.

• Answer: Yellow Journalism

This battleship was reportedly sunk by the Spanish and started the Spanish-American War.

• Answer: USS Maine

Theodore Roosevelt served during the Spanish-American War with what group?

• Answer: The Rough Riders

School of psychology, founded by John Watson, that measures human behavior, believes it can be shaped, and discounts emotion as subjective.

• Answer: Behaviorism

Author of How the Other Half Lives in 1890, he showed photos of Americans living in poverty and the harsh conditions they were facing.

• Answer: Jacob Riis

Nurse who became a crusader for birth control. She was arrested in 1916 for distributing contraceptive information.

• Answer: Margaret Sanger

This conference held in 1848 started women's suffrage and expressed ideas for women to gain the right to vote.

• Answer: Seneca Falls Convention

Founded the National American Woman Suffrage Association in 1890.

• Answer: Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony

A group that sought to prohibit the sale of alcohol at local and state levels.

• Answer: The Temperance Movement

Author of The Souls of Black Folk in 1903, he argued that Blacks could only become equal if they could achieve suffrage which would lead to equal rights.

• Answer: W.E.B. Du Bois

What does NAACP stand for?

• Answer: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

American President who changed the name of the Executive Mansion to the White House, set up a press room inside the White House, spoke openly with Blacks about the future of the South, and felt he could do anything that was not listed in the Constitution.

• Answer: Theodore Roosevelt

Author of The Jungle in 1906, he exposed unsanitary conditions in a meat factory, helping Congress to pass the Pure Food and Drug Act along with the Meat Inspection Act.

• Answer: Upton Sinclair

American President who won the election of 1912 because the Republican Party split the ticket.

• Answer: Woodrow Wilson

Law in 1914 that barred some of the worst corporate practices: price discrimination, holding companies, and interlocking directorates.

• Answer: The Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914

The assassination of this Austria-Hungary Archduke led to the start of WWI.

• Answer: Archduke Franz Ferdinand

New form of sea warfare introduced by the Germans to quickly kill crews and passengers.

• Answer: Unrestricted submarine warfare (U-boats)

Ditches that were six to eight feet deep and four to five feet wide, deep enough to escape bullets, grenades, and artillery.

• Answer: Trenches (Trench Warfare)

Passed in May 1917 to draft men into the military to prepare for war.

• Answer: The Selective Service Act

1919: Phrase used to describe the race wars that broke out in Washington, D.C., Omaha, Nebraska, New York City, and Chicago.

• Answer: Red Summer

This disease is responsible for more American deaths in the 1900s than American battle casualties in World War I, World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War combined.

• Answer: The Spanish Flu (Influenza Pandemic of 1918)

Name for the decade during the 20th century where production and consumption were booming.

• Answer: The Roaring Twenties

Name given to the creation by Henry Ford that allowed for production costs to be cut in half.

• Answer: The Moving Assembly Line

Person who preached the "Doctrine of High Wages," believing that putting more money in the pockets of Americans would boost the economy.

• Answer: Henry Ford

The invention of the automobile would ensure Americans depended on this precious liquid for years to come.

• Answer: Oil (Petroleum)

This became the 10th biggest business in America during the 1920s.

• Answer: Advertising Industry

Referred to as the "New Woman," these women wore makeup, long string beads, and were considered economically free.

• Answer: Flappers

Radio sitcom made famous by vaudeville actors in 1929.

• Answer: Amos 'n' Andy

America's first national weekly magazine.

• Answer: The Saturday Evening Post

Airman who flew the Spirit of St. Louis and made the first solo transatlantic flight in 1927.

• Answer: Charles A. Lindbergh

Hitting 54 home runs in 1920, he played for the New York Yankees.

• Answer: Babe Ruth

The raving Charleston dance came out during this year.

• Answer: 1923

This style of music appeared in New Orleans, Memphis, and St. Louis, blending African American musical traditions with soul and blues.

• Answer: Jazz

Promoted African Americans to go back to Africa.

• Answer: Marcus Garvey

20th-century poet who wrote "The Negro Speaks of Rivers."

• Answer: Langston Hughes

Italian immigrants sentenced to death in 1927 for theft and murder; critics feel that nativism was to blame for their wrongful arrest.

• Answer: Sacco and Vanzetti

Famously known for his gangster/mob activities during the 1920s.

• Answer: Al Capone

The name given for the 18th Amendment that forbade the sale of alcohol in America.

• Answer: Prohibition

Secret clubs where people could buy liquor but had to speak softly so authorities would not bust up the joint.

• Answer: Speakeasies

Rebooting in the 1920s, this organization promoted white supremacy in America.

• Answer: Ku Klux Klan

Debate over teaching evolution instead of creationism; this trial highlighted the competition between fundamentalists and scientists.

• Answer: The Scopes "Monkey" Trial

Won the election of 1928.

• Answer: Herbert Hoover

Name given for October 24, 1929, when the stock market began to crash.

• Answer: Black Thursday

Area affected by dust storms that stretched hundreds of miles.

• Answer: The Dust Bowl

This reached 50% by 1932.

• Answer: Unemployment rate for African Americans

Author of The Grapes of Wrath in 1939.

• Answer: John Steinbeck

Trial falsely accusing nine Black teenagers in Alabama of raping a white woman.

• Answer: The Scottsboro Boys Trial

Organization created by Herbert Hoover to lend money to banks.

• Answer: The Reconstruction Finance Corporation

Won the election of 1932 as a Democrat, ending 30 years of Republican rule.

• Answer: Franklin D. Roosevelt

Roosevelt fell ill in the summer of 1921 with this disease.

• Answer: Polio

Roosevelt's many informal talks with the nation on the radio.

• Answer: Fireside Chats

Created in 1933, this public works project created jobs and covered seven states.

• Answer: Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

Louisiana Governor who was assassinated, though popular to many Americans.

• Answer: Huey Long

Laid the groundwork for the modern welfare state.

• Answer: The New Deal

Built to provide a more reliable water source in the West.

• Answer: Hoover Dam

The New Deal helped gain Democrats this type of electorate.

• Answer: The New Deal Coalition

An issue Roosevelt would not discuss with Congress for fear of losing support from Southern Congressmen.

• Answer: Anti-lynching legislation

Photographer who snapped the iconic photo "Migrant Mother" in 1936.

• Answer: Dorothea Lange

A lightning war.

• Answer: Blitzkrieg

Belief that the United States should avoid foreign entanglements, alliances, and involvement in foreign wars.

• Answer: Isolationism

Date of the attack by Japan on Pearl Harbor. "A day that will live in infamy." — Roosevelt

• Answer: December 7, 1941

The invasion of North Africa under the command of General Dwight D. Eisenhower and General George S. Patton.

• Answer: Operation Torch

Estimated number of American casualties during WWII.

• Answer: Approximately 400,000 deaths

More than 100,000 scientists, engineers, technicians, and support staff from Canada, England, and the United States worked at 39 installations to build an atomic bomb.

• Answer: The Manhattan Project

The Battle of Normandy was when?

• Answer: June 6, 1944 (D-Day)

An 11-member Security Council in 1944 that would oversee a General Assembly composed of delegates from all member nations.

• Answer: The United Nations Security Council

Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, Japan, on this date.

• Answer: August 6, 1945

Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki, Japan, on this date.

• Answer: August 9, 1945

Japanese surrender in Tokyo Bay, ending WWII on this date.

• Answer: September 2, 1945

To preserve the American way of life, the United States must step forward and help "free people" threatened by "totalitarian regimes." - Answer: The Truman Doctrine

Became a nation in 1948. - Answer: Israel

This was the training method used in the United States in preparation for a nuclear attack. - Answer: "Duck and Cover" drills

A declaration issued by the President or by a Governor. - Answer: An Executive Order

Mistake made by Truman in Korea: advancing troops north of the 38th Parallel. - Answer: Led to Chinese intervention in the Korean War

Elected President in 1952. - Answer: Dwight D. Eisenhower

Increase in the United States population during the 1950s. - Answer: The Baby Boom

Eisenhower developed this to help evacuate in case of a nuclear attack. - Answer: The Interstate Highway System

By 1960, more than 46 million Americans owned one of these. - Answer: Television sets

Kennedy is credited with using this tactic to help ease Cold War tensions. - Answer: Naval blockade during the Cuban Missile Crisis

Became President of the United States in 1960. - Answer: John F. Kennedy

American attack on Cuba in April 1961. - Answer: Bay of Pigs Invasion

African American lawyer who became famous for his part in the Brown decision. - Answer: Thurgood Marshall

This court case allowed for schools to become desegregated. - Answer: Brown v. Board of Education

This court case sought to allow Latinos on a jury. - Answer: Hernandez v. Texas

Refused to give up her seat to a white man in Montgomery, Alabama, in December 1955. - Answer: Rosa Parks

Tactic used by protesters, workers, and consumers to pressure business organizations through a mass refusal to purchase their products or otherwise do business with them. - Answer: Boycott

Originally from Atlanta, Georgia, this civil rights leader preached nonviolent resistance during the Civil Rights Movement. - Answer: Martin Luther King Jr.

Who did Martin Luther King Jr. get the idea of nonviolent resistance from? - Answer: Mahatma Gandhi and Henry David Thoreau

Won the election of 1964. - Answer: Lyndon B. Johnson

This President's Watergate scandal forced him to resign from the presidency. - Answer: Richard Nixon

Became President in 1976 and struggled to solve the recession in America at the time. - Answer: Jimmy Carter

Became President in 1981 and cut taxes, increased defense spending, negotiated a nuclear arms reduction agreement with the Soviet Union, and helped bring a quick end to the Cold War. - Answer: Ronald Reagan

Became President in 1988 and said "Read my lips...no new taxes." This ended up being false, and he served only one term as a result. - Answer: George H. W. Bush

Became President in 1992 and promoted healthcare, education, and welfare reform but was limited with a Republican Congress. - Answer: Bill Clinton

President that advanced a conservative agenda by lowering taxes, education reform (No Child Left Behind), and faith-based initiatives in social policy. - Answer: George W. Bush

Led a terrorist attack on America on September 11, 2001, starting a war on terrorism in the United States and around the globe. - Answer: Osama bin Laden

Became President in 2008 and pushed healthcare reform along with other liberal positions in America. - Answer: Barack Obama

Current President of the United States. - Answer: Joe Biden