MST 24 - Lesson 3 - Hardware Components of a Computer System

Hardware Components of a Computer System

What is Computer Hardware?

• Definition: Computer hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system, which are the tangible parts that can be seen and touched.

• Functionality: Hardware is the machinery that constitutes the computer, covering a variety of devices and components that work collaboratively to perform essential computing tasks.

Core Components of a Computer

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

• Description: Often referred to as the 'brain' of the computer.

• Function: Responsible for interpreting and executing most commands from other computer hardware and software.

Motherboard

• Description: A large printed circuit board that serves as the main platform connecting various computer hardware components.

• Functionality:

  • Component Interface: Connects different hardware parts.

  • Data Bus: Facilitates data transfer between components.

  • Power Distribution: Distributes electrical power to components.

RAM (Random Access Memory)

• Description: Temporary storage for active data and processes.

• Functionality:

  • Data Accessibility: Allows quick access to data currently in use.

  • Volatile Nature: Data is lost when power is turned off.

  • Multitasking: Enables the computer to handle multiple tasks efficiently.

Storage Devices

• Description: Used for saving and retrieving digital information.

• Types:

  • HDD (Hard Disk Drive): Uses magnetic storage, known for large capacity at a lower cost. It consists of rotating disks coated with magnetic material.

  • SSD (Solid State Drive): Uses flash memory with no moving parts, resulting in faster data access and higher reliability but usually at a higher cost per gigabyte.

Input and Output Devices

Input Devices

• Definition: Hardware components used to enter data or instructions into a computer for user interaction.

• Examples:

  • Keyboards

  • Mice

  • Microphones

Output Devices

• Definition: Hardware that converts and presents electronic information from the computer into a human-readable form.

• Examples:

  • Monitors

  • Printers

  • Speakers and Headphones

Peripheral and Expansion Devices

Peripheral Devices

• Definition: External devices connected to a computer to enhance functionality or assist in data input and output.

• Examples:

  • Scanners

  • Webcams

  • External Drives

Expansion Cards

• Definition: Hardware components that can be inserted into expansion slots on a motherboard to provide additional functionality.

• Examples:

  • GPUs (Graphics Processing Units)

  • Network Cards

  • Sound Cards

Networking Hardware

• Definition: Physical devices essential for establishing and managing network connections, allowing communication between computers and other devices.

• Examples:

  • Routers

  • Modems

  • Network Switches

Cooling Systems

• Definition: Components designed to manage and dissipate heat produced by hardware, particularly the CPU and GPU.

• Importance: Effective cooling is crucial to prevent performance degradation and extend component lifespan.

• Types:

  • Fans

  • Heat Sinks

  • Liquid Cooling Systems

Power Management

• Definition: Ensures proper distribution and regulation of electrical power for stable and efficient operation of computer components.

• Components:

  • Power Supply Units (PSUs)

  • UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supplies)

  • Surge Protectors

Optical Drives

• Definition: Hardware components that use laser light for reading or writing data to optical discs.

• Types:

  • CD Drives

  • DVD Drives

  • Blu-ray Drives

• Notable Usage: Although declining due to cloud and USB storage, they remain useful in various applications.

Portable and Mobile Computing

• Definition: Devices designed for mobility and convenience, providing computing power without stationary setups.

• Examples:

  • Laptops

  • Tablets

  • Smartphones

Wearable Technology

• Definition: Electronic devices attached to the body or clothing designed to offer advanced computing capabilities.

• Characteristics: Often sync with other devices for enhanced user experience.

• Examples:

  • Smartwatches

  • Fitness Trackers

Specialized and IoT Devices

• Definition: Devices designed for specific purposes, utilizing advanced technology for enhanced user experience.

• Categories:

  • Specialized hardware like gaming consoles and VR headsets.

  • IoT devices, interconnected and internet-enabled, often found in smart homes.

• Examples:

  • Gaming Consoles

  • VR Headsets

  • Smart Home Devices

  • Wearable IoT Devices