Chemical Elements in Carbohydrates - Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen. 1:2:1 = C, H2, O

Carbohydrates - AKA Saccharides are molecular compounds made from three elements. Provide us with energy for chemical reactions and to move around. Starch is found for cereals, potatoes, bread, pasta, flour, etc. Sugar is found is fruit, cakes, desserts, vegetables, honey, etc.

Function of Carbohydrates - 1. Carbohydrates are needed for energy used in respiration as glucose
2. Human blood plasma contains dissolved glucose and transport to all cells which use glucose to release (ATP) 3. Plants transport sucrose, the cells change sucrose to glucose when they need to use it

Three types of Carbohydrates - 1. Monosaccharides: (glucose, fructose, galactose) most simplest forms of sugars. Single unit/cannot be broken down to make a simpler sugar. small molecules, taste sweet, soluble in water
2. Disaccharides - (maltose, sucrose, lactose) two monosaccarides joined again
3. Polysaccharides - (starch, glycogen, cellulose - made from many units of glucose) large chains of many monosaccharides joined together

Glucose - is a simple sugar which is made in photosynthesis, used in respiration and transported in the blood. consists 6 carbon atoms arranged into a ring. (C6H12O6)

Benedict’s Test - Sugars are the small units that every carbohydrate is made of. Tests for reducing sugars.

Benedict’s Test - Testing glucose (reducing sugars) - 1. Add benedicts solution into a sample solution in test tube
2. Heat at 60-70 degrees Celsius in water bath for 5 minutes
3. Take test tube out of water out of water bath and observe color
4. A positive test will show a colour change from blue to orange or brick red

Iodine Test - Test for starch. 1. Add drops of iodine solution to the food sample 2. A positive test will show a colour change from orange-brown to blue-black
3. Starch + Iodine = Blue-Black Colour Change
4. Maltose + Iodine = Orange-brown doesn’t change color