0.1 Mechanical Theory Powerpoint

## Systems Engineering Overview
- Units 1 & 3: Focus on Mechanical Systems
- Outcome 1: Theoretical aspects of mechanical systems

## Energy and Motion
### Key Concepts
- **Work**: Action on an object that displaces it.
Defined as: Work = Force x Distance
- **Energy**: The ability to do work.
- Measured in **Joules** (J).

### Law of Conservation of Energy
- Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed.
- The total energy in the universe remains constant.

## Forms of Energy
### Two Primary Forms
1. **Potential Energy**: Stored energy.
- **Gravitational**: Energy held at height.
- **Elastic**: Energy in stretched materials (e.g., springs).
- **Chemical**: Energy stored in chemical bonds (e.g., batteries).
- **Nuclear**: Energy from atomic nuclei (e.g., sunlight).
- **Electric**: Stored in electric fields.
2. **Kinetic Energy**: Energy of motion.
- Depends on mass and velocity; more mass or higher velocity = more kinetic energy.
- Variants include thermal, electrical, sound, light, wind, and hydro energy.

## Energy Conversions
- Example: A car converts various energy types:
- Electrical energy to mechanical energy.
- Chemical energy in fuel to kinetic energy via the engine.
- Kinetic energy to heat via friction and air resistance.

## Motion Fundamentals
- Understanding different motion types aids in comprehending mechanical systems.

## Cams and Followers
### Functionality
- Cams convert rotary motion to reciprocating motion.
- The follower traces the cam's surface to transmit motion.

## Simple Machines
### Types
- Six simple machines include lever, fulcrum, screw, wheel & axle, inclined plane, and pulley.
### Mechanical Advantage (MA)
- A machine gives a mechanical advantage by increasing output force compared to input force:
- **MA = Load (Fr) / Effort (Fe)**

## Levers
### Types of Levers
- **Class 1**: Fulcrum between load and effort.
- **Class 2**: Load between effort and fulcrum.
- **Class 3**: Effort between load and fulcrum.

### Torque
- Torque affects rotational motion:
- Found by multiplying force by distance from pivot.
- Units: Newton meters (Nm).

## Gears
### Gear Ratios
- Gear ratio calculated as the ratio of driven teeth to driving teeth.
- Understanding gear mechanics aids in calculating speed and direction of rotation.

## Pulleys
- Pulleys change direction of force and provide mechanical advantage.
- Fixed vs. movable pulleys:
- Fixed: only changes direction, no MA.
- Movable: provides mechanical advantage.

## Efficiency
- Iz = (VR/MA) x 100
- Focus on reducing friction and improving design with lubricants or bearings.

## Hydraulics vs. Pneumatics
- **Hydraulics**: Uses incompressible liquids for power transmission.
- **Pneumatics**: Utilizes compressible gases, leading to movement delays.

## Design Engineering Process
- Study mechanics behind building devices using simple machines to achieve mechanical advantages.

## Engineering Notation
- Used for expressing large or small numbers in simpler forms by powers of ten in multiples of three.