The PRINTING PRESS was Kind of a BIG Deal [AP Euro Review—Unit 1 Topic 4 (1.4)

Introduction to Humanism and the Printing Press

• Key Figures:

  • Petrarch: Recognized as the father of humanism.

  • Erasmus: Known as the poster boy for Christian humanism.

• Comparison of Impact:

  • Similar ideas in writing but different reach.

  • Petrarch had a limited audience while Erasmus had a widespread readership.

The Role of the Printing Press

• Invention Overview:

  • Created in the 1400s, revolutionized the dissemination of information.

  • Major impact noted during the period 1450-1648.

• Significance:

  • Essential to mention in any discussion regarding this time period in AP European history.

Johannes Gutenberg and the Printing Press

• Gutenberg's Contribution:

  • Developed a printing press capable of mass-producing books.

  • Utilized movable type: individual metal letters that could be arranged and reused.

• Process:

  • Wooden plates with slots for letters, ink application, pressing onto paper.

• Paper Production:

  • Adapted Chinese paper-making technology allowed for abundant paper availability.

  • Growth of urban literacy increased the demand for printed materials.

Impact of the Printing Press on Society

• Accessibility of Ideas:

  • Books became cheaper and more accessible than hand-copied books.

  • Ideas could spread rapidly and widely, transforming communication.

• Gutenberg Bible (1456):

  • First major work printed, marking the start of a publishing revolution.

• Statistics:

  • By 1506, approximately 10 to 20 million books were published in Europe.

Spread of Renaissance Ideas

• Renaissance Revival:

  • Ideas from classical literature began spreading across Europe.

  • By 1550, major classical authors were widely printed.

• Facilitation of Discussion:

  • Identical copies allowed for easier discussion and dissemination of ideas among readers.

Increase in Literacy and Continued Demand

• Literacy Growth:

  • The spread of literature contributed to rising literacy rates throughout society.

  • More literate individuals led to greater demand for additional reading materials.

The Demand for Vernacular Literature

• Definition of Vernacular:

  • Refers to the common language of the people, contrasting with Latin or Greek.

• Rise in Publications:

  • Increased interest in literature in English, German, Italian, French, etc.

  • Contributed to the formation and affirmation of national identities.

Conclusion

• Cultural Impact:

  • The surge in vernacular literature allowed people to better understand their identities.

• Study Tip:

  • Emphasize the printing press's transformative effect on the spread of ideas and literacy in discussions.