locutionary

illocutionary

prelocutionary

started out as a theory proposed by john austin, extended by searle

speaking is performing

• what do we do when we speak?

• what do we mean when we say something?

• what do we intend the receiver to do after they receive the message?

• what is the effect to the receiver?

Locutionary

• what is actually said

• actual words the make up the statement/ideal message

ex.

i’m hungry

you seem so busy today

your classroom is dirty

Illocutionary

• refers to the intention of the speaker when the statement is uttered

• 5 types: representatives, directives, commissives, expressives, declarations

ex.

i’m so hungry (magluto ka)

you seem so busy today (you no longer have time for me ☹)

your classroom is dirty (maglinis ka)

representatives

• these are utterance which commit the receiver to the truth of the expression

• stating, asserting, denying, confessing, admitting, notifying

directives

• attempts by the speaker to get the addressee to do something

• requesting, ordering, forbidding, warning, advising, suggesting, insisting, recommendation

commissives

• commit the speaker to some future course of something

• promising, vowing, volunteering, offering, guaranteeing, pledging, etc.

expressives

• used to express the emotional state

• apologizing, congratulating, welcoming, objecting…

declarations

• to change the status of some entity

• appointing, naming, resigning, baptizing

Perlocutionary

• effect of the statement to the receiver

• reaction of the listener