final reviewwwww

Natural law: the light of understanding that God has placed in us which help us understand the laws of the created or natural world.

Civil law: the law that governs civilians which comes from the government.

Revealed law: law that is revealed in the scriptures by God. 

Canon law: The Church law, it governs the Catholic Church. 

Moral law: God’s loving plan for his creatures. 

Magisterium: the teaching office of the Church.

Catholic morality: the body of knowledge based on human experience, reason and God’s revelation which helps us to discover what we ought to do to live fully human lives. 

Conscience: helps a person decide the goodness or sinfulness of an action.

Character: it is at the very heart of our self-chosen identity. 

Dignity: the principle that establishes that no one should be hurt, violated or disrespected. 

Virtue: Good habits or traits that bring us closer to God and others. 

Vices: the opposite of virtue, they are bad habits and traits that bring us away from God and others.

Divine revelation: truths revealed by God. 

Imago Dei: a latin phrase that means “image of God”. Basically saying that everything is created in the image of God and everyone is created in the image and likeness of God. 

Discernment: a decision making process that attends to the implications and consequences of an action or choice. 

St. Thomas Aquinas’ definition of law: reasonable, for the common good, from competent authority, promulgated (a law must be known).

Vocation: the way in which God wants our salvation to come. Living out God’s plan. 

Free will: actually making the decision to choose or not choose good. The power rooted in reason and will that enable a person to perform deliberate actions on one’s own responsibility. 

Mortal sin: a sin that completely breaks your relationship with God.

Venial sin: damages your relationship with God.

Determinism: a philosophical position that argues that free will does not exist and is only an illusion. 

Nihilism: claims there’s no meaning to existence. Rejects all positive values, and believes in nothing. 

Prudence: a cardinal virtue known as “right reason in action”. 

Moral object: the moral quality of an action that suggests whether the action is directed towards the true good. The aim or objective of a course of action. 

Circumstance: the setting in which all moral actions occur that determine the degree of fault that a person is responsible for. 

Means: a method by which something can be accomplished. 

Subsidiarity: a principle that holds that a higher unit of society should not do what a lower unit can do as well or better. 

Solidarity: A principle that calls people to help everyone in their society who needs it. 

Common good: the principle dedicated to the pursuit of what is best for everyone. 

The preferential treatment for the poor: the principle that calls people to look out for the poorest among them. 

The beatitudes (sermon on the mount): the beatitudes begin the sermon on the mount. 

Intention: the end goal defined by the person taking the action. 

Justice: A cardinal virtue. ‘To give everyone his or her rightful due.’ 

Temperance: to give everyone his or her rightful due. 

Fortitude: perseverance, strength. 

Ignorance: Ignorance refers to a lack of knowledge or understanding about a particular matter.

Inadvertence: a lack of attention or carelessness. It can hinder freedom by preventing individuals from fully considering the consequences of their actions. 

Duress:  situations where individuals are forced or coerced into acting against their will. It can diminish or nullify imputability and responsibility for an action. 

Fear: Fear can be an impediment to freedom when it paralyzes individuals and prevents them from acting in accordance with their conscience.

Internal Limitations: Internal limitations refer to factors within an individual that can hinder freedom. These can include ignorance, inadvertence, and habit. Ignorance refers to a lack of knowledge or understanding about a particular matter, which can limit one's ability to make informed choices. Inadvertence refers to a lack of attention or carelessness, which can prevent individuals from fully considering the consequences of their actions. Habit refers to repeated patterns of behavior that can limit freedom by making certain actions automatic and difficult to change.

External Limitations: External limitations refer to factors outside of an individual that can restrict freedom. These can include duress and fear. Duress refers to situations where individuals are forced or coerced into acting against their will, which can diminish or nullify their responsibility for an action. Fear can be an impediment to freedom when it paralyzes individuals and prevents them from acting in accordance with their conscience.

Physical Limitations: Physical limitations refer to physical constraints that can restrict freedom. While not explicitly mentioned in the search results, physical limitations can include disabilities, health conditions, or other physical factors that limit an individual's ability to exercise their freedom fully.

Emotional Limitations: Emotional limitations refer to emotional factors that can hinder freedom. While not explicitly mentioned in the search results, emotional limitations can include emotional trauma, psychological conditions, or emotional states that affect an individual's ability to make free choices.

Intellectual Limitations: Intellectual limitations refer to cognitive factors that can limit freedom. While not explicitly mentioned in the search results, intellectual limitations can include intellectual disabilities, cognitive biases, or lack of critical thinking skills that may impact an individual's ability to exercise their freedom fully.

A mortal sin can only be forgiven through confession. 

Human dignity is inherited. 

You can still be ethical and make mistakes. 

Jesus is the way, the truth and the light. 

Jesus asks us to love our enemies.

Jesus taught that there is no greater love than to sacrifice one’s own life for someone else. 

The more a person grows in virtue, you would be achieving higher human excellence. 

Paschal Mystery: talks about Jesus’ passion, death and resurrection that frees us from the sin because God conquered sin and death.