• limbs (appendages)

• pectoral girdle

• pelvic girdle

the pectoral (shoulder) girdle -

• composed of 2 bones

  • clavicle: collarbone

  • scapula: shoulder blade

• these bones allow the upper limb to have free movement

bones of the upper limb -

• arm is formed by a single spongy bone (humerus)

• forearm has 2 bones (radius and ulna)

• hand has many bones

  • carpals (wrist, 8)

  • metacarpals (palm, 5)

  • phalanges (fingers, 14)

    • 2 in thumb (middle and distal), 3 in all other fingers (proximal, middle, distal)

bones of the pelvic girdle -

• hip bones

• composed of 3 pair of fused bones (ilium, ischium and pubis)

• protects several bones

• total weight of upper body rests on pelvis

• female arch is over 100 degrees and male is less than 90

bones of the lower limbs -

• thigh has one bone (femur)

• leg has 2 bones (tibia and fibula)

• foot has many bones

  • tarsus (ankle)

  • metatarsals (sole)

  • pha