L1:

Nucleus - contains genetic material

Cytoplasm - Where most chemical reactions occur

Ribosomes - Protein synthesis occurs

Cell membrane - Controls what goes in and out of the cell

Cell Wall - Contains cellulose to give the cell structure

Chloroplast - Contains chlorophyll, which absorbs light for photosynthesis

Vacuole - Contains cell sap

Mitochondria - Where aerobic respiration happens

Prokaryotic Cells:

Plasmid - A small, circular DNA molecule.

Singular Circular strand of DNA

Cytoplasm

Cell Wall

Flagellum

Specialised Cells:

Sperm Cell:

Function - Fertilise egg cell

Adaptation - Flagellum to swim easily/ Enzymes at the top of the head to help break down the egg membrane to fertilise it

Muscle Cell:

Function - Contracts and expands to allow movement

Adaptation - Long and contains lots of mitochondria to release energy

Nerve Cell:

Function - Sends commands to the muscle to be able to feel

Adaptation - Long connections at each end to create a network of connections

Root hair cell:

Function - To absorb water and mineral ions.

Adaptation - Small hairs to have a bigger surface area.

Red Blood Cell:
Function - To carry oxygen from the lungs to the whole body

Adaptation - Larger Surface area to allow more oxygen

Palisade Cell:

Function - To absorb sunlight for photosynthesis

Adaptation - Packed with chloroplasts

L2:

Chemical formula for glucose? C6H12O6

Define what a tissue is? A tissue is a group of cells that work together for a common goal

Define what an organ system is? An organ system is a group of organs that work together for a common goal

L4:

Microscopy calculation formula - Image = Actual*Magnification

mm → Hm (nano)

L5

Learn:

Stage 1:
Sterilise the petri dish and nutrient agar to kill any unwanted microorganisms. Using UV light, gamma rays or an autoclave oven

Next sterilise the inoculating loop by passing it through a flame to kill off unwanted microorganisms

Stage 2:
Inoculate the sterile agar with the microorganisms you want to grow evenly across the agar

Work near a flame to remove any airborne microorganisms

Stage 3:

Cover the lid and tape it closed (on one side) to prevent unwanted airborne contamination or microorganisms escaping

Place in an incubator at 25 degrees to promote growth

Store upside down to prevent condensation falling on the agar

Placing agar jelly with the microorganisms in an incubator above the temperature 25 degrees with cause dangerous microorganisms to grow.

L6:

Binary Fission Calculation - Bacteria at the end of growth = number bacteria at beginning * 2(power of)number of divisions

Binary Fission - “division in half”, asexual reproduction of most prokaryotic cells to which they divide.

Zone of inhibition - no bacterial growth

Ineffective antibody - bacteria are resistant to it

Most effective antibody - bacteria are very sensitive to it

Figure out zone of inhibition - Pi r squared