Glossário do Clipping: Direito Interno

Introduction

• Overview of the Clipping and introduction to the glossary material aimed at assisting candidates with complex legal concepts.
• Glossaries are valuable for both beginners and those deepening their knowledge.
• Glossaries are organized in alphabetical order.

Terms and Usage Rights

• Importance of not pirating content to support the team creating quality materials at accessible prices.
• Copyright protection of all glossaries is enforced by law, specifying legal consequences for unauthorized sharing.

Index

• Contents divided into sections, covering various legal terms from A to Z.
• Covers critical concepts in Internal Law including actions, legal principles, and administrative terms.

Key Legal Terms

A

• Ação civil pública: Legal instrument for protecting collective rights in Brazil, primarily through Law 7.347/1985.
• Ação declaratória de constitucionalidade (ADC): Used to declare the constitutionality of federal laws, reinforcing legal applicability.
• Ação direta de inconstitucionalidade (ADI): Mechanism for questioning the constitutionality of laws and acts across all levels of government.

B

• Boa-fé objetiva: Principle of honesty and integrity in legal relations.
• Boa-fé subjetiva: Refers to the individual's honest belief in the legality of their actions.

C

• Capacidade jurídica: The aptitude to acquire rights and obligations, divided into legal capacity and actual capacity.
• Cargo efetivo and cargo em comissão: Distinguishes between permanent public positions gained through public exams vs. appointed positions.

D

• Devido processo legal: Fundamental principle ensuring fair legal processes, with rights such as the right to a fair trial.

E

• Eficácia and Efetividade: Refers to the ability of a law to produce its expected effects within society.

F

• Força maior: Unforeseeable events preventing the fulfilment of legal obligations.

G

• Garantias fundamentais: Legal mechanisms ensuring the application and protection of fundamental rights in the Constitution.

H

• Habeas Corpus and Habeas Data: Essential legal instruments protecting individual freedom and personal data rights, respectively.

I

• Improbidade administrativa: Illegal acts by public officials against public interest, categorized into types like enrichment illicitly obtained.

J

• Jurisprudência: Accumulated court decisions that contribute to legal interpretation.

L

• Legalidade (princípio): Basic principle that laws govern both citizens and the state.
• Litígio: Disputes or controversies requiring legal resolution.

M

• Mandado de segurança: Legal remedy safeguarding rights from public authority abuse.

N

• Nacionalidade: Legal connection between an individual and a state, conferring rights and obligations.
• Nepotismo: Practice of favoring relatives in administrative appointments.

O

• Omissão: Failure to act when required by law, potentially leading to constitutional and legal violations.

Relevant Legal Procedures

• Recurso especial and Recurso extraordinário: Legal avenues for appealing decisions in higher courts targeting federal law and constitutional validity.
• Revisão constitucional: Formal process for amending the constitution to adapt to societal changes.

Conclusion

• The glossary serves as an essential tool for law students and practitioners seeking clarity on complex legal terms and procedures.
• Understanding these concepts and their applications is fundamental to navigating Brazilian law effectively.