Untitled Flashcards Set

Chapter 1: Introduction to Imaging and Radiologic Sciences

• History of radiology (discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen in 1895).

• Modalities in medical imaging: Radiography, CT, MRI, Ultrasound, Nuclear Medicine, Fluoroscopy.

• Role of radiologic technologists (RTs) in patient care and imaging.

• Radiation protection principles (ALARA - As Low As Reasonably Achievable).

Chapter 2: Professional Organizations and Career Paths

• Professional organizations:

• ASRT (American Society of Radiologic Technologists)

• ARRT (American Registry of Radiologic Technologists)

• JRCERT (Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology)

• Licensure and certification process for radiologic technologists.

• Career paths in radiologic sciences: diagnostic radiology, radiation therapy, CT, MRI, interventional radiology.

Chapter 5: Radiation Protection

• Principles of radiation safety: time, distance, shielding.

• Personal protective equipment (PPE): lead aprons, thyroid shields, gloves.

• Dose limits: annual occupational exposure limits (5 rem/year or 50 mSv).

• Patient shielding: gonadal, breast, and thyroid protection.

Chapter 6: Introduction to Patient Care in Imaging

• Communication: verbal and nonverbal communication with patients.

• Cultural competence: understanding and respecting diverse patient backgrounds.

• Ethical considerations in imaging and patient interactions.

• Legal considerations: HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act).

Chapter 10: Medical Terminology

• Prefixes, suffixes, and root words used in radiology (e.g., “radi/o” = X-ray, “angi/o” = vessel).

• Common terms used in imaging procedures:

• AP (anteroposterior)

• PA (posteroanterior)

• Lateral, oblique, axial views

• Abbreviations: MRI, CT, US, CXR (chest X-ray).

Chapter 11: Patient Interactions

• Psychological aspects of patient care: anxiety, fear, communication techniques.

• Age-specific communication: pediatric, adult, geriatric.

• Patient consent types: informed consent, implied consent, written consent.

• Patient rights: autonomy, confidentiality, dignity.

Chapter 12: Patient Transfer and Movement

• Body mechanics: correct posture to prevent injury.

• Wheelchair and stretcher transfers: two-person lift, sheet transfer, hydraulic lift.

• Assisting patients with mobility challenges (fractures, paralysis, elderly patients).

Chapter 13: Infection Control

• Chain of infection: infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, transmission, portal of entry, host.

• Hand hygiene: most effective way to prevent infection.

• Standard precautions: gloves, masks, gowns.

• Isolation precautions: airborne (TB, COVID), droplet (flu), contact (MRSA, C. diff).

Chapter 14: Aseptic Techniques

• Medical vs. surgical asepsis: reducing vs. eliminating microbes.

• Sterile field principles: maintaining sterility, surgical scrubbing, sterile gloves.

• Catheterization: insertion techniques and infection prevention.

Chapter 15: Vital Signs and Oxygen Administration

• Vital signs:

• Normal blood pressure: 120/80 mmHg

• Normal heart rate: 60-100 bpm

• Normal respiratory rate: 12-20 breaths per minute

• Normal temperature: 98.6°F (37°C)

• Oxygen therapy: nasal cannula, masks, ventilators.

Chapter 17: Emergency and Trauma Radiography

• Basic life support (BLS): CPR steps, AED usage.

• Shock types: hypovolemic, cardiogenic, neurogenic, anaphylactic.

• Trauma imaging: cervical spine, chest, pelvis are priority.

• Head injuries: concussion vs. hemorrhage.

Chapter 18: Pharmacology and Contrast Media

• Drug administration routes: oral, intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous.

• Types of contrast agents:

• Iodinated contrast (CT)

• Barium sulfate (GI studies)

• Gadolinium (MRI)

• Adverse reactions to contrast media: mild (flushing), moderate (hives), severe (anaphylaxis).

Chapter 19: Nonaseptic Techniques

• NG tubes: purpose, placement, care.

• Enemas and bowel preparation for imaging.

• Urinary catheter care.

Chapter 21: Mobile Radiography and Surgical Imaging

• Portable X-ray considerations: ICU, ER, bedside exams.

• C-arm fluoroscopy: used in surgery, orthopedic procedures.

• Radiation protection: lead shielding, distance from radiation source.

Chapter 22: Pediatric Imaging

• Techniques for imaging children: communication, immobilization (pigg-o-stat, sandbags).

• Radiation protection in pediatrics: ALARA, gonadal shielding.

• Common pediatric conditions: scoliosis, fractures, foreign bodies.

Chapter 23: Geriatric Imaging

• Age-related considerations: osteoporosis, arthritis, dementia.

• Patient positioning challenges: fragile skin, joint pain, limited mobility.

• Communication strategies: clear, slow, respectful.

Chapter 24: Advanced Modalities in Imaging

• CT (Computed Tomography): cross-sectional imaging, contrast use.

• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): uses strong magnetic fields, no radiation.

• Ultrasound: sound waves, used for pregnancy, soft tissues.

• Nuclear medicine: radioactive tracers for PET scans.

Chapter 25: Quality Control in Imaging

• Image quality factors: contrast, resolution, noise, distortion.

• Equipment maintenance: regular calibration, quality control tests.

• Digital imaging advantages: PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System).