5.1- the radicalisation of the state
First law for the coordination of federal states - 31st march 1933
second law for the coordination of federal states- 7th april 1933
The law for the reconstruction of the Reich - 30th january 1934
1933-45 1000 feature films were made in Germany 14% were overtly political
6th may q933 nazi students and SS troops burned 20,000 books
law against the formation of new parties- 14th july 1933
night of the long knives- 30th june 1934
Economic autarky: Mefo bills, ‘The battle for work’
education indoctrination
the legal reduction 1933-34
power is limited and dependent on allies
→ army
→ Hindenburg
→ conservative right nationalist
creating the new germany 1934-37
→ still needs approval , especially from abroad
→ Not ready for war yet
the radicalisation of the state 1938-39
→ economically the country is ready for war
→ all internal rivals are silenced
→ economically recovered from the depression
hatred and fear of Jewish people
the dehumanization of political and racial ‘rivals’
outlines a hierarchy of races, placing Jews at the lowest level
‘Jews are removed from our midst’ - Hitler at a Nazi meeting in 1920
Hate is constantly being justified
this justified any hate towards groups outside the Volk
applied Charles Darwin’s scientific principles of natural selection to human society rather than animal evolution
this was not based on the scientific research and was used to justify ideas of racial superiority and eugenics
the key arguments : ‘ advanced Europeans had rights and responsibilities to rule over ‘inferior’ or ‘backwards’ colonial people - this argument which emerged in the 19th century was then taken into Nazi ideology
Hitler saw humanity as a biological struggle
the ‘stronger’ races needed to be protected by not mixing with those that were ‘inferior’
marriage between aryans and ‘degenerate’ races ‘threatened to poison the purity of the master race’
no compromises was a principle that was applied to other groups.
those excluded: Jews, slavs, ethnic minorities, southern europeans, homosexuals, disabled , travelers communists, asocials
this links to social Darwinismand race theory as it practically embodies it, the people inside the volk are the ‘fittest’ the volk puts race theory into practice
implies that germany should have more territory at the expense of other countries
it was popular before the Nazi’s as it contrasts ToV and the land ‘stolen’ in it
German empire
Germany actually needed the physical space for work and raw materials
fits in with the Nazi ideology to show their force by taking land from slavs and communists to the east
wanted to use new land to build concentration camps
the mentally ill and disabled
sterilisation law to apply to certain ‘inferiors’ in 1933, this extended to include abortion, administered by hereditary healthcare courts, 400.000 were sterilised, people who hadn’t been sterilised could have abortions
euthanasia , T4 programme [1939] ran by Bouhler targeted at the disabled, it was initially stopped in 1941 due to pressure from the catholics
Asocials
steptember 1933 mass round up of all ‘tramps and beggars’, this was also renewed before the 1936 olympics as propaganda
an ‘asocial colony ‘ was established in northern germany in 1936
the biggest round up was in 1938 resulting in most going to buchenwald concentration camp
The difference
the key difference in approach to disabled people and asocials was that nazis wanted to permanently ‘end’ disability but possibly reform asocials to ingrate them into the volk
Homosexuals
1933- purge of organisations and literature
may 1933- attack on the institute of sex research
1934- Gestapo begin to compile list of gays
1935- law of homosexuality amended to widen the definition
1936- Reich office for the combating of homosexuality and abortion set up #
1936 to 38- over 22,000 men arrested and imprisoned for homosexuality
it was the Nazi’s first priority and was dealt with extensively in 1933-34
Religious sects
sects were initially banned but reinstated if they showed they could cooperate with the regime
the seventh day Adventists seen the Nazi’s as the beginning of the rebirth of Germany
Jehovah’s witnesses were the only group to be openly hostile against the Nazi state , they refused to give the Hitler salute and by 1945 around 10,000 had been imprisoned and many died but the resistance continued
Roma and Sinti
30,000 were persecuted
the 1935 Nuremburg laws were made to apply to the roma and the sinti
Reich central office for the fight against the gypsy nuisance set up in 1936 which aimed to prevent the mixing of races
1938- decree for the struggle against the gypsy plague
1939- Roma and the Sinti deported from Germany into Poland
First law for the coordination of federal states - 31st march 1933
second law for the coordination of federal states- 7th april 1933
The law for the reconstruction of the Reich - 30th january 1934
1933-45 1000 feature films were made in Germany 14% were overtly political
6th may q933 nazi students and SS troops burned 20,000 books
law against the formation of new parties- 14th july 1933
night of the long knives- 30th june 1934
Economic autarky: Mefo bills, ‘The battle for work’
education indoctrination
the legal reduction 1933-34
power is limited and dependent on allies
→ army
→ Hindenburg
→ conservative right nationalist
creating the new germany 1934-37
→ still needs approval , especially from abroad
→ Not ready for war yet
the radicalisation of the state 1938-39
→ economically the country is ready for war
→ all internal rivals are silenced
→ economically recovered from the depression
hatred and fear of Jewish people
the dehumanization of political and racial ‘rivals’
outlines a hierarchy of races, placing Jews at the lowest level
‘Jews are removed from our midst’ - Hitler at a Nazi meeting in 1920
Hate is constantly being justified
this justified any hate towards groups outside the Volk
applied Charles Darwin’s scientific principles of natural selection to human society rather than animal evolution
this was not based on the scientific research and was used to justify ideas of racial superiority and eugenics
the key arguments : ‘ advanced Europeans had rights and responsibilities to rule over ‘inferior’ or ‘backwards’ colonial people - this argument which emerged in the 19th century was then taken into Nazi ideology
Hitler saw humanity as a biological struggle
the ‘stronger’ races needed to be protected by not mixing with those that were ‘inferior’
marriage between aryans and ‘degenerate’ races ‘threatened to poison the purity of the master race’
no compromises was a principle that was applied to other groups.
those excluded: Jews, slavs, ethnic minorities, southern europeans, homosexuals, disabled , travelers communists, asocials
this links to social Darwinismand race theory as it practically embodies it, the people inside the volk are the ‘fittest’ the volk puts race theory into practice
implies that germany should have more territory at the expense of other countries
it was popular before the Nazi’s as it contrasts ToV and the land ‘stolen’ in it
German empire
Germany actually needed the physical space for work and raw materials
fits in with the Nazi ideology to show their force by taking land from slavs and communists to the east
wanted to use new land to build concentration camps
the mentally ill and disabled
sterilisation law to apply to certain ‘inferiors’ in 1933, this extended to include abortion, administered by hereditary healthcare courts, 400.000 were sterilised, people who hadn’t been sterilised could have abortions
euthanasia , T4 programme [1939] ran by Bouhler targeted at the disabled, it was initially stopped in 1941 due to pressure from the catholics
Asocials
steptember 1933 mass round up of all ‘tramps and beggars’, this was also renewed before the 1936 olympics as propaganda
an ‘asocial colony ‘ was established in northern germany in 1936
the biggest round up was in 1938 resulting in most going to buchenwald concentration camp
The difference
the key difference in approach to disabled people and asocials was that nazis wanted to permanently ‘end’ disability but possibly reform asocials to ingrate them into the volk
Homosexuals
1933- purge of organisations and literature
may 1933- attack on the institute of sex research
1934- Gestapo begin to compile list of gays
1935- law of homosexuality amended to widen the definition
1936- Reich office for the combating of homosexuality and abortion set up #
1936 to 38- over 22,000 men arrested and imprisoned for homosexuality
it was the Nazi’s first priority and was dealt with extensively in 1933-34
Religious sects
sects were initially banned but reinstated if they showed they could cooperate with the regime
the seventh day Adventists seen the Nazi’s as the beginning of the rebirth of Germany
Jehovah’s witnesses were the only group to be openly hostile against the Nazi state , they refused to give the Hitler salute and by 1945 around 10,000 had been imprisoned and many died but the resistance continued
Roma and Sinti
30,000 were persecuted
the 1935 Nuremburg laws were made to apply to the roma and the sinti
Reich central office for the fight against the gypsy nuisance set up in 1936 which aimed to prevent the mixing of races
1938- decree for the struggle against the gypsy plague
1939- Roma and the Sinti deported from Germany into Poland
