English Midterm Test Review

Alliteration - the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words. Ex: shelly sold seashells at the seashore

Simile - a comparison using like or as. Ex: You eyes are blue AS the ocean

Metaphor - a comparison without using like or as. Ex: the grass is the color of a green frog

Allegory - a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one. Ex:  the pitfalls of arrogance and the virtues of persistence, a writer can instead tell a tale about a talking tortoise and a haughty hare.

Allusion - a reference made to something that is not directly mentioned, Ex: Chocolate is my kryptonite

Personification- adding human characteristics that a nonliving thing would not have. Ex: the wind whispered

Symbolism - symbolic images and indirect suggestion to express mystical ideas, emotions, and states of mind

Foreshadowing -  saying something in the beginning of the story that will happen later in the book

Irony - a situation in which there is a contrast between expectation and reality.

Dramatic irony - when a writer lets their reader know something that a character does not

Comic Irony - when irony is used to comedic effect—such as in satire.

Situational Irony - when an expected outcome is subverted

Verbal Irony - the speaker means something very different from what he or she is saying

Mood - feeling or atmosphere that a piece of writing creates within the reader

Tone -  implied by an author's word choice

Author of Beowulf - anonymous, monks are the assumed

Characters of beowulf - wiglaf - stay back and help beowulf, hrothgar - king and ruler of meadhall (herot), grendel - monster, grendel's mom, beowulf - (warroir), hrunting - (beowulf's sword), geats - group/warroirs

Plotline of beowulf - It tells the story of the hero Beowulf, who gained fame as a young man by vanquishing the monster Grendel and Grendel's mother; later, as an aging king, he kills a dragon but dies soon after, honored and lamented.

Grendel vs Beowulf - grendel shows up and kills people, beowulf fight him without his weapons and grendel went home to die, took arm

Grendels Mom vs. Beowulf - Beowulf used his sword (hrunting) and killed Grendels Mom at her lake, Beowulf took her head.

Beowulf vs the dragon(BEOWULF)- Beowulf battles a dragon and beowulf is struggling and wiglaf stays to help,beowulf dies

What did they do after beowulf died- built a tower

“And strongest of soldiers; his feet stumbled” - Alliteration

Symbols in the story beowulf - grendel's arm and head, represented beowulf's heroism

Themes of beowulf - example (BEOWULF) - that reflect timeless values, such as courage, honor, and the triumph of good over evil

Epic poems-

 Involves a hero fulfilling a quest or journey

Includes a setting that is vast in scope (often involves more than one nation)

Incorporates a complex plot is often complicated by supernatural beings or events and may involve a long and dangerous journey through foreign lands

Includes dialogue with long, formal speeches delivered by the major characters

Includes topics that reflect timeless values, such as courage, honor, and the triumph of good over evil

Epic heroes -

noble birth or high position

well respected leader

superior or superhuman strength or intelligence 

courageous; often risks life for the good of others

makes ethical decisions choosing right over wrong and good over evil

Anglo-Saxon culture - 

The Anglo-Saxon culture became the basis for English culture

wretchedness of cold or the misery or loneliness of being away from home

Many stories and poems present heroic struggles in which only the strong survive

Invasions

Also called the Dark Ages

Kenning def and  ex Beowulf - 

a metaphorical compound word or phrase substituted for a noun or name, which enhances the meaning- Example: “mankind’s enemy” - grendel

Chivalry - good qualities of a knight : loyalty, courage, brave, faithful

Lineage (BEOWULF) -   grendel came from cain

Anglo-Saxon season -  winter - in germany

Connections to Christianity (BEOWULF) - beowulf like jesus, hrothgar thanked god, grendel was defeated

Higlac’s/Follower - Beowulf

“I remember how we sat in the mead-hall, drinking/And boasting of how brave we’d be when Beowulf/Needed us, he who gave us these swords/And armor: all of us swore to repay him,/When the time came, kindness for kindness.” - wiglaf

"And now the Storm-blast came, and he Was tyrannous and strong: He struck with his o'ertaking wings, And chased us south along" - personification

Beowulf never took weapons to his battles and only used his fists to fight. - false

“He slipped through the door and there in the silence/Snatched up thirty men, smashed them/Unknowing in their beds and ran out with their bodies/The blood dripping behind him” - Grendel

"the struggling Great bodies beating at its beautiful walls" - alliteration

Author (RAOM) - Charles Baudelaire

Characters (ROAM)  - the ancient mariner, wedding guest,crew, life - in - death, hermit, first voice, second voice

Plotline (ROAM) - it's a frame story the mariner kills the albatross and a bad omen is cast upon him, his crew members die and the life in death has won within him, when the bad omen was cast upon him he couldn't pray, but when he blessed the watersnakes the curse was lifted, but he still has this eternal punishment of telling this story to others.

Symbolism (ROAM) - albatross - a good omen, but he wore it because of shame and guilt, water snakes - the guy blesses them and then the curse is lifted

The skeleton ship and the details surrounding its significance to the story (ROAM) - Life in Death has won the soul of the Mariner. He is carrying the weight that he was responsible for the deaths of his crew. It was represent the bad omen

Symbolic animals (ROAM) - watersnakes and albatross

Punishment - he got a bad omen upon him

Themes(ROAM) - "he prayeth best, who loveth best"- a thoughtless bad act can have lasting repercussions.

Connections to the poem "The Albatross" and the song "The Albatross"- The albatross (short poem) resembles the poet, when he's not doing the thing he's good at/or the thing he loves, he feels out of place, clumsy, exiled, pathetic. When he's doing the thing he really loves he feels like he's soaring, a prince, a king, beautiful; people make fun of things they don't understand _ the song represent how being famous can ruin relationships, people attack media and don't believe the masses

Symbolism in the story(ROAM) - albatross - a good omen, but he wore it because of shame and guilt, water snakes - the guy blesses them and then the curse is lifted

Connections to Christianity (ROAM) - you can't have a true relationship with God unless you have a respect for his creation

"I bit my arm, I suck'd the blood, And cried, A sail! a sail!"  who is I - Mariner

She's the albatross, She is here to destroy you" what type of figurative language? - Symbolism

From the rocks, then runs underground, where mist Steams like black clouds, and the groves of trees Growing out over their lake are all covered… what type of figurative language? - Imagery

The mariner blessed the sea bird while he was alone on the boat with only his “dead” crew members. - false

"Twelve winters of grief for Hrothgar, king, Of the Danes, sorrow heaped at his door, By hell-forged hands. What type of figurative language - personification

The Strange Case of Jekyll and Hyde

• Author (JH)- Robert Louis Stevenson

• Dr. Henry Jekyll- a respected Doctor

• Mr. Edward Hyde- a strange, different (ugly) looking character

• Mr. Utterson- a prominent and upstanding lawyer

• Dr. Hastie Lanyon- a respected Doctor; Jekyll’s friend 

• Mr. Poole- Jekyll’s butler

• Mr. Enfield- a distant cousin and lifelong friend of Mr. Utterson

• Mr. Guest- Utterson’s clerk

• Sir Danvers Carew- an old nobleman and member of Parliament

• Gothic Literature - Genre in which the author emphasizes the grotesque, the mysterious, the horrible, and the fearful;old decaying mansions in a desolate countryside with cobwebs, bats, strange noises, smelly, dark

• Themes (JH) - Duality of Human Nature- the inner struggle between good and evil, and The Importance of Reputation- preserving it and maintaining it including: Appearances and Facades 

• Author (FRANK) - Mary Shelley 

• Robert Walton:  It is through Walton that we learn Victor’s story. Traveling the world, The creature bids Walton farewell, jumps to an ice flow, and is “lost in darkness and distance.” 

• Margaret Saville: Robert Walton’s sister.

• Victor Frankenstein : main character, creates the monster, main narrator, tells his story, dies 

• Alphonse Frankenstein: Victor’s father is a successful syndic

• Beaufort:Beaufort is a close friend of Alphonse. Has the daughter caroline

• Caroline Beaufort:marries Alphonse Frankenstein. Dies of scarlet fever

• Elizabeth Lavenza:  Victor’s cousin and eventual wife, monster kills her

• Henry Clerval: victor's best friend, monster kills him

• Professor Krempe: victor did not like

• Professor Waldeman : victor likes

• The monster - FRANKENSTEIN

• Justine Moritz: falsely accused of murder

• Plotline (frank) - tells the story of gifted scientist Victor Frankenstein who succeeds in giving life to a being of his own creation. However, this is not the perfect specimen he imagines that it will be, but rather a hideous creature who is rejected by Victor and mankind in general.

• Themes (frank) - Dangers of knowledge, science, and technology, Influence of Nature (Romanticism), The meaning of a monster

• Frame Story - a story within a story

• Who is the true monster? - victor, he's the one that created it

• The death of Justine - was put to trial, found guilty of killing william, william was killed by the monster

• The death of Henry Clerval - he was strangled by the monster

• The death of elizabeth - strangled by monster

• Which monster looks like Christianity? Why? Be able to explain. - We consider man to be like Jekyll and Hyde. The reason is that we believe that we are sinners from the beginning and that Jesus can save us not ourselves.

• Mary Maloney - main character, killed her husband

• Patrick maloney - husband to mary, was killed by mary, detective

• Jack noonan - sergeant, comforts mary

• Sam - the grocer  

• Plotline (LTS) - Mary maloney is a stay home wife, her husband comes from work with bad news, (doesn't clarify), mary maloney is in shock, she goes into the kitchen and gets a lamb leg and hits her husband with it, kills him, and she goes to the grocery store, gets some sides for dinner, and then calls the police once to go back home. She and the detectives eat the lamb leg.

• Irony examples (LTS)- When ““Probably right under our very noses, [...]”(Dahl, 11). This is comic irony and situational irony

• Connotation - the emotion you put behind the word - red mean anger, danger

• Denotation- Dictionary definition, the color red is next to orange and purple

• Bill Hutchinson - with wife Tessie

• Old Man Warner -  the oldest citizen in the town

• Joe Summers -  conducting the lottery

• Tessie Hutchinson  - she realizes she will be the lottery's victim.

• Plotline (lottery) - In a small town, there is this tradition called “the lottery”, this tradition consists with a black box with slips of paper inside, there is a dot on one of the papers; if you get it your family gets picked, then your family will draw, tessie drew the paper, and she got stoned.

• Setting (lottery) -  fictional small American community that observes an annual tradition known as "the lottery", which is intended to ensure a good harvest and purge the town of bad omens.

• Irony(lottery) - The title, “The Lottery” is an example of verbal irony. The lottery is supposed to be a good thing, getting a prize. In this story it's a lottery for bad results.

• Harrison Bergeron - son of Goeorge and Hazel, seven feet tall, most advanced model, hes genius, dancer, broke out of prison and got killed, he had a lot of handicaps; Handicaps: scraps of metal on body, glasses headphones, rubber ball nose

• George Bergeron - father of harrison , he believes in obeying the law; Handicaps ; weights around neck, radio in head to keep him from thinking deeply

• Hazel bergeron - harrison's mother, dumb, scatterbrained, helpless, sweet; Handicaps: she is unable to think for long

• Diana Moon Glampers - the handicapper general, in charge of dumbing down and disabling those who are above average. Kills harrison. 

• Ballerina - a dancer, sawn on tv, harrison makes her dance with him, she was beautiful, and she was murdered. Handicaps: ugly mask

• Plotline (HB) - George and Hazel are watching tv, a ugly ballerina, Harrison (their son ) escapes prison; he shows up on tv and stands up for what is right, he takes off all his handicaps, and the ballerinas and they dance. They both get killed, and hazel forgets.

• Setting (HB) - a future america where the government mandates absolute equality through “handicapping”