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Ductile: able to be stretched into thin wires

Malleable: able to be beaten into thin sheets

Quantitative properties: measureable characteristics of matter

1. Solubility: maximum mass dissolvable in a given volume of liquid

2. Melting point: temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid

3. Freezing point: temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid

4. Boiling point: temperature at which a liquid rapidly changes to a gas

5. Density: mass per unit volume

Element: a pure substance which cannot be chemically decomposed

Compound: a pure substance which can be chemically decomposed

Atom: the smallest particle of an element which still has its properties

Molecule: the smallest particle of a compound which still has its properties

Chemical symbol: a 1 or 2 letter abbreviation for an element

Chemical formula: an abbreviation for compounds using chemical symbols Chemical reaction (change): reactants (starting chemicals) form products (final chemicals) by bond breakage and new bond formation

Phases (states of matter): solid, liquid, gas, and plasma (charged gas)

Physical change: change in state

1. Melting: solid to liquid phase change

2. Vaporizing: liquid to gas phase change

3. Condensing: gas to liquid phase change

4. Solidifying: liquid to solid phase change

5. Subliming: solid to gas phase change directly, without melting

6. Deposition: gas to solid phase change directly, without condensing

Simple ion: a charged atom

Polyatomic ion: a charged molecule

Acid: ionic compound containing H+ ion Base: ionic compound containing OH- ion

Salt: ionic compound containing neither H+ nor OH- ions

Covalent compound: contains 2 or more non-metal atoms

Ionic compound: contains + and -ions

Crystal lattice: a regular or repeating 3-D arrangement of ions in a solid Homogeneous mixture: mixture which looks the same throughout

Heterogeneous mixture: mixture which doesn't look the same throughout

Binary acid: made up of H+ ion and just 1 other element

Ternary acid: made up of H+ ion and at least 2 other elements

Law of definite composition: elements exist in fixed, whole number ratios in compounds

Law of multiple proportions: in compounds composed of the same elements, the elements exist in more than 1 whole number ratio

Physical separation: separating components of mixtures

a) Distillation: liquid mixture heated between the b.p.s of components in order to separate 1 component by vaporizing & condensing it

b) Filtration: solid is separated from liquid or gas by a sieve-like device

Chemical decomposition: one reactant forms 2 or more simpler products

a) Electrolysis: DC electricity through mobile ions which gain/lose electrons to form new substances

b) Heating: usually an ionic solid decomposes into metal and nonmetal

Metal: left side of Periodic Table; shiny, high m.p. and b.p., malleable, ductile, good conductor of heat and electricity

Nonmetal: right side of Periodic Table; dull, low mp, and b.p., brittle, poor conductor of heat and electricity

Metalloid (semimetal): 7 elements with intermediate properties between metals and non-metals; border the 'stairs' on the Periodic Table

Subscript: number/letter written ½ line down

Superscript: number written ½ line up Coefficient number written before a chemical formula; multiplies what follows

Aqueous: dissolved in water

Intermolecular bond: weak bond between molecules

Intramolecular bond: ionic or covalent bond within a molecule

Family/group/column: elements arranged vertically on Periodic Table

Period/row: elements arranged horizontally on Periodic Table

Alkali metal family: column 1 on Periodic Table

Alkaline earth metal family: column 2 on Periodic Table

Halogens: column 17 on Periodic Table

Inert (noble) gas family: column 18 on Periodic Table

Periodic Pattern (periodicity): a repeating pattern