Theory	Description	Key Findings
Broadbent’s Filter Theory	Early selection based on physical traits	Does not explain Cocktail Party Effect
Treisman’s Attenuation Theory	Unattended info is weakened, not blocked	Explains why we still notice important info
Late-Selection Theory	All information is processed for meaning	Unattended stimuli can influence behavior
Capacity Model (Kahneman)	Attention is a resource allocated flexibly	High arousal increases cognitive resources
Feature Integration Theory	Perception occurs in two stages	Attention is needed to bind object features

Model	Description	Key Findings
Modal Model (Atkinson & Shiffrin)	Information moves through sensory, STM, and LTM	STM is limited in capacity and duration
Working Memory (Baddeley)	Active processing system with multiple components	Involves phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and central executive
Levels of Processing (Craik & Lockhart)	Deeper processing leads to better retention	Semantic processing improves memory

Process	Description	Key Findings
Levels-of-Processing	Deeper encoding leads to better memory	Semantic processing enhances recall
Encoding Specificity	Retrieval improves when conditions match encoding	Context-dependent learning is effective
Reconstructive Memory	Memories are actively rebuilt, not exact copies	Schema-driven errors occur in recall
Flashbulb Memories	Vivid, emotional event memories	May be distorted over time

Comparisons