Hitler & the Nazis

📜 Adolf Hitler

• Born in a small town in Austria in 1889. Applied twice to the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna but was rejected both times.

• At 18, he was homeless & both of his parents were dead. He struggled to make a living.

• Vienna started his extreme nationalist and antisemitic view through the political & social climate as well as writings.

• Joined the Bavarian Army as an Austrian citizen & participated in the Battle of Ypres, Arras, Somme and Passchendaele. Was recommended for an iron cross which he was awarded.

• Temporarily blinded in a mustard gas attack. Learned about Germany’s defeat in the hospital.

📜 Birth of the Nazi Party

• Hitler was given an army assignment checking up on extreme political groups.

• One of these was the DAP (Germany Workers’ Party) which was set up in Munich in January 1919 by Anton Drexler. It was can incredibly small party with 10 members in may and 40 at a meeting in August.

• Hitler discovered that he agreed with many of the groups’ ideas as became the party’s 55th member and 7th member of the leadership committee.

• In 1920, Hitler was in charge of party propaganda as well as the party’s most active speaker.

• Hitler & Drexler published a 25-Point Plan with the DAP’s beliefs.

• In February 1924, Hitler suggested that the DAP changed its name to the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi Party) and this suggested was adopted. They also adopted the swastika as their emblem.

• In 1920, the Nazi’s bought a newspaper called the Volkischer Beobachter - this helped to spread their message even more.

• In 1921, the SA or Stormtroopers were put together by Hitler. It was made up of ex-soldiers and functioned as a private army for the party; providing security at meetings and helped to break up opposition groups. This group appealed to many angry young men who joined.

• In June 1921, some of the party leaders wanted to merge the party with the German Socialist Party (rival). In protest, Hitler resigned and soon the party realised that they had lost their most influential speaker.

• After being ask to come back Hitler agreed but only on the condition that he was made the leader of the party and that his authority would go unchallenged. Hitler was made leader in July 1921.

• Membership began to grow steadily and was 1100 in June 1920. By 1922 however the party had 3000 members. In November 1923, the Nazi Party had 20,000 members and had spread from Munich to the rest of Germany. Hitler also gained the support of a number of important individuals in the German army.

📜 Political Beliefs

Nationalist: the belief that one’s own country and culture are better than others.

Socialist: the belief that everybody ought to be equal, and that capitalism/profit is wrong.

Totalitarian: a system in which the state/government has absolute power and control over every aspect of people’s lives.

📜 The Munich Putsch

By November 1923, Weimar Germany had experienced several years of political unrest & economic turmoil. Due to many uprisings and the Kapp Putsch, the government was left looking weak & vunerable.

Therefore Hitler felt this was the best time to take control of Munich before marching on Berlin for multiple reasons:

• Hitler felt that he could take advantage of the economic turmoil of 1923 to gain support.

• Hitler was influenced by Mussolini’s way to power in Italy in 1922 by marching on Rome.

• Hitler had the support of key army members such as General Ludendorff who was the former head of the army and a popular WW1 general.

• Hitler was worried that Gustav Stresemann might fix the political & economic problems and therefore he would lose his opportunity if he left it too long.

• He was also worried that Stresemann might clamp down on extremist groups.

Events of the Munich Putsch

Aftermath of the Munich Putsch

• Hitler was put on trial and charged with treason. The Nazi Party was temporarily banned in Bavaria (state in Germany).

• He was found guilty and sentenced to 5 years in prisons however he was released after 9 months.

• During the trial, he was able to publicly explain that his aim was to save Germany from the government which was failing the people.

• While in Landsberg Prison, Hitler wrote his book Mein Kampf which outlined his fascist ideas and plans for a changed German society. This sold 228,000 copies between 1925 - 1932.

• Hitler used his time in prison to rethink his strategy; he chose to be voted into political power democratically and then proceed to destroy German democracy.

The failed putsch demonstrated that there was a great deal of opposition toward the government. Hitler’s early parole also suggests that the judges & courts were also opposed to the Government.

📜 1925 - 1928

• Hitler was released from jail after the Munich Putsch in December 1924. He committed the Nazis to democratic politics, took part in elections and began to reorganise the party whilst strengthening his authority as leader.

• The time between 1924 - 1929 is often known as the party’s ‘lean years’ as it struggled to win seats in the Reichstag.

Bamberg Conference 1926

• Hitler called a special party conference in February 1926 in Bamberg (Southern Germany) to respond to tension growing between the northern and southern sectors.

• The northern section led by Gregor Strasser, was keen to emphasise the socialist elements within the 25- Point Plan to attract support from workers’.

• The southern section was more interested in the nationalist and racist policies as a way to gain support from the middle classes and farmers.

• The results of the conference were positive: Hitler insisted that policies which could be painted as communist would not be pursued however, the conference reaffirmed the 25 Point Plan as the party policy platform.

• Hitler established the ‘Leader Principle’ which was the idea that the party’s leader was in absolute control and all members must follow his direction.

📜 Nazi’s Struggle for Seats

Improving confidence in the Weimar Republic

• Stresemann managed to improve Germany’s international standing which improved the confidence of the Weimar Republic as well as the confidence from the public.

• Successes such as the Locarno Pact, League of Nations & Kellogg-Briand Pact also helped to improve the confidence.

• Germans voted for more moderate parties however their extreme messages about Jews & the need to abolish democracy was ignored.

Economic Stability

• Stresemann was fixing the German economy.

• A new currency (Rentenmark) was introduced and the introduction of the Dawes plan had helped to turn Weimar’s economy around.

• As part of the Dawes plan, America agreed to loan 800 million marks to Germany (which would later cause problems).

• Stability returned in the economy & unemployment began to fall, therefore living standards improved.

Humiliation in Munich

• The failure of the Munich Putsch humiliated Nazis & their party was banned. After the ban was lifted, the parties was still under constant pressure from the authorities.

• Hitler was banned from public speaking until 1927 and when we was in prison, the party lost its direction.

📜 Nazi timeline📜 Adolf Hitler

• Born in a small town in Austria in 1889. Applied twice to the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna but was rejected both times.

• At 18, he was homeless & both of his parents were dead. He struggled to make a living.

• Vienna started his extreme nationalist and antisemitic view through the political & social climate as well as writings.

• Joined the Bavarian Army as an Austrian citizen & participated in the Battle of Ypres, Arras, Somme and Passchendaele. Was recommended for an iron cross which he was awarded.

• Temporarily blinded in a mustard gas attack. Learned about Germany’s defeat in the hospital.

📜 Birth of the Nazi Party

• Hitler was given an army assignment checking up on extreme political groups.

• One of these was the DAP (Germany Workers’ Party) which was set up in Munich in January 1919 by Anton Drexler. It was can incredibly small party with 10 members in may and 40 at a meeting in August.

• Hitler discovered that he agreed with many of the groups’ ideas as became the party’s 55th member and 7th member of the leadership committee.

• In 1920, Hitler was in charge of party propaganda as well as the party’s most active speaker.

• Hitler & Drexler published a 25-Point Plan with the DAP’s beliefs.

• In February 1924, Hitler suggested that the DAP changed its name to the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi Party) and this suggested was adopted. They also adopted the swastika as their emblem.

• In 1920, the Nazi’s bought a newspaper called the Volkischer Beobachter - this helped to spread their message even more.

• In 1921, the SA or Stormtroopers were put together by Hitler. It was made up of ex-soldiers and functioned as a private army for the party; providing security at meetings and helped to break up opposition groups. This group appealed to many angry young men who joined.

• In June 1921, some of the party leaders wanted to merge the party with the German Socialist Party (rival). In protest, Hitler resigned and soon the party realised that they had lost their most influential speaker.

• After being ask to come back Hitler agreed but only on the condition that he was made the leader of the party and that his authority would go unchallenged. Hitler was made leader in July 1921.

• Membership began to grow steadily and was 1100 in June 1920. By 1922 however the party had 3000 members. In November 1923, the Nazi Party had 20,000 members and had spread from Munich to the rest of Germany. Hitler also gained the support of a number of important individuals in the German army.

📜 Political Beliefs

Nationalist: the belief that one’s own country and culture are better than others.

Socialist: the belief that everybody ought to be equal, and that capitalism/profit is wrong.

Totalitarian: a system in which the state/government has absolute power and control over every aspect of people’s lives.

📜 The Munich Putsch

By November 1923, Weimar Germany had experienced several years of political unrest & economic turmoil. Due to many uprisings and the Kapp Putsch, the government was left looking weak & vunerable.

Therefore Hitler felt this was the best time to take control of Munich before marching on Berlin for multiple reasons:

• Hitler felt that he could take advantage of the economic turmoil of 1923 to gain support.

• Hitler was influenced by Mussolini’s way to power in Italy in 1922 by marching on Rome.

• Hitler had the support of key army members such as General Ludendorff who was the former head of the army and a popular WW1 general.

• Hitler was worried that Gustav Stresemann might fix the political & economic problems and therefore he would lose his opportunity if he left it too long.

• He was also worried that Stresemann might clamp down on extremist groups.

Events of the Munich Putsch

Aftermath of the Munich Putsch

• Hitler was put on trial and charged with treason. The Nazi Party was temporarily banned in Bavaria (state in Germany).

• He was found guilty and sentenced to 5 years in prisons however he was released after 9 months.

• During the trial, he was able to publicly explain that his aim was to save Germany from the government which was failing the people.

• While in Landsberg Prison, Hitler wrote his book Mein Kampf which outlined his fascist ideas and plans for a changed German society. This sold 228,000 copies between 1925 - 1932.

• Hitler used his time in prison to rethink his strategy; he chose to be voted into political power democratically and then proceed to destroy German democracy.

The failed putsch demonstrated that there was a great deal of opposition toward the government. Hitler’s early parole also suggests that the judges & courts were also opposed to the Government.

📜 1925 - 1928

• Hitler was released from jail after the Munich Putsch in December 1924. He committed the Nazis to democratic politics, took part in elections and began to reorganise the party whilst strengthening his authority as leader.

• The time between 1924 - 1929 is often known as the party’s ‘lean years’ as it struggled to win seats in the Reichstag.

Bamberg Conference 1926

• Hitler called a special party conference in February 1926 in Bamberg (Southern Germany) to respond to tension growing between the northern and southern sectors.

• The northern section led by Gregor Strasser, was keen to emphasise the socialist elements within the 25- Point Plan to attract support from workers’.

• The southern section was more interested in the nationalist and racist policies as a way to gain support from the middle classes and farmers.

• The results of the conference were positive: Hitler insisted that policies which could be painted as communist would not be pursued however, the conference reaffirmed the 25 Point Plan as the party policy platform.

• Hitler established the ‘Leader Principle’ which was the idea that the party’s leader was in absolute control and all members must follow his direction.

📜 Nazi’s Struggle for Seats

Improving confidence in the Weimar Republic

• Stresemann managed to improve Germany’s international standing which improved the confidence of the Weimar Republic as well as the confidence from the public.

• Successes such as the Locarno Pact, League of Nations & Kellogg-Briand Pact also helped to improve the confidence.

• Germans voted for more moderate parties however their extreme messages about Jews & the need to abolish democracy was ignored.

Economic Stability

• Stresemann was fixing the German economy.

• A new currency (Rentenmark) was introduced and the introduction of the Dawes plan had helped to turn Weimar’s economy around.

• As part of the Dawes plan, America agreed to loan 800 million marks to Germany (which would later cause problems).

• Stability returned in the economy & unemployment began to fall, therefore living standards improved.

Humiliation in Munich

• The failure of the Munich Putsch humiliated Nazis & their party was banned. After the ban was lifted, the parties was still under constant pressure from the authorities.

• Hitler was banned from public speaking until 1927 and when we was in prison, the party lost its direction.

📜 Nazi timeline📜 Adolf Hitler

• Born in a small town in Austria in 1889. Applied twice to the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna but was rejected both times.

• At 18, he was homeless & both of his parents were dead. He struggled to make a living.

• Vienna started his extreme nationalist and antisemitic view through the political & social climate as well as writings.

• Joined the Bavarian Army as an Austrian citizen & participated in the Battle of Ypres, Arras, Somme and Passchendaele. Was recommended for an iron cross which he was awarded.

• Temporarily blinded in a mustard gas attack. Learned about Germany’s defeat in the hospital.

📜 Birth of the Nazi Party

• Hitler was given an army assignment checking up on extreme political groups.

• One of these was the DAP (Germany Workers’ Party) which was set up in Munich in January 1919 by Anton Drexler. It was can incredibly small party with 10 members in may and 40 at a meeting in August.

• Hitler discovered that he agreed with many of the groups’ ideas as became the party’s 55th member and 7th member of the leadership committee.

• In 1920, Hitler was in charge of party propaganda as well as the party’s most active speaker.

• Hitler & Drexler published a 25-Point Plan with the DAP’s beliefs.

• In February 1924, Hitler suggested that the DAP changed its name to the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi Party) and this suggested was adopted. They also adopted the swastika as their emblem.

• In 1920, the Nazi’s bought a newspaper called the Volkischer Beobachter - this helped to spread their message even more.

• In 1921, the SA or Stormtroopers were put together by Hitler. It was made up of ex-soldiers and functioned as a private army for the party; providing security at meetings and helped to break up opposition groups. This group appealed to many angry young men who joined.

• In June 1921, some of the party leaders wanted to merge the party with the German Socialist Party (rival). In protest, Hitler resigned and soon the party realised that they had lost their most influential speaker.

• After being ask to come back Hitler agreed but only on the condition that he was made the leader of the party and that his authority would go unchallenged. Hitler was made leader in July 1921.

• Membership began to grow steadily and was 1100 in June 1920. By 1922 however the party had 3000 members. In November 1923, the Nazi Party had 20,000 members and had spread from Munich to the rest of Germany. Hitler also gained the support of a number of important individuals in the German army.

📜 Political Beliefs

Nationalist: the belief that one’s own country and culture are better than others.

Socialist: the belief that everybody ought to be equal, and that capitalism/profit is wrong.

Totalitarian: a system in which the state/government has absolute power and control over every aspect of people’s lives.

📜 The Munich Putsch

By November 1923, Weimar Germany had experienced several years of political unrest & economic turmoil. Due to many uprisings and the Kapp Putsch, the government was left looking weak & vunerable.

Therefore Hitler felt this was the best time to take control of Munich before marching on Berlin for multiple reasons:

• Hitler felt that he could take advantage of the economic turmoil of 1923 to gain support.

• Hitler was influenced by Mussolini’s way to power in Italy in 1922 by marching on Rome.

• Hitler had the support of key army members such as General Ludendorff who was the former head of the army and a popular WW1 general.

• Hitler was worried that Gustav Stresemann might fix the political & economic problems and therefore he would lose his opportunity if he left it too long.

• He was also worried that Stresemann might clamp down on extremist groups.

Events of the Munich Putsch

Aftermath of the Munich Putsch

• Hitler was put on trial and charged with treason. The Nazi Party was temporarily banned in Bavaria (state in Germany).

• He was found guilty and sentenced to 5 years in prisons however he was released after 9 months.

• During the trial, he was able to publicly explain that his aim was to save Germany from the government which was failing the people.

• While in Landsberg Prison, Hitler wrote his book Mein Kampf which outlined his fascist ideas and plans for a changed German society. This sold 228,000 copies between 1925 - 1932.

• Hitler used his time in prison to rethink his strategy; he chose to be voted into political power democratically and then proceed to destroy German democracy.

The failed putsch demonstrated that there was a great deal of opposition toward the government. Hitler’s early parole also suggests that the judges & courts were also opposed to the Government.

📜 1925 - 1928

• Hitler was released from jail after the Munich Putsch in December 1924. He committed the Nazis to democratic politics, took part in elections and began to reorganise the party whilst strengthening his authority as leader.

• The time between 1924 - 1929 is often known as the party’s ‘lean years’ as it struggled to win seats in the Reichstag.

Bamberg Conference 1926

• Hitler called a special party conference in February 1926 in Bamberg (Southern Germany) to respond to tension growing between the northern and southern sectors.

• The northern section led by Gregor Strasser, was keen to emphasise the socialist elements within the 25- Point Plan to attract support from workers’.

• The southern section was more interested in the nationalist and racist policies as a way to gain support from the middle classes and farmers.

• The results of the conference were positive: Hitler insisted that policies which could be painted as communist would not be pursued however, the conference reaffirmed the 25 Point Plan as the party policy platform.

• Hitler established the ‘Leader Principle’ which was the idea that the party’s leader was in absolute control and all members must follow his direction.

📜 Nazi’s Struggle for Seats

Improving confidence in the Weimar Republic

• Stresemann managed to improve Germany’s international standing which improved the confidence of the Weimar Republic as well as the confidence from the public.

• Successes such as the Locarno Pact, League of Nations & Kellogg-Briand Pact also helped to improve the confidence.

• Germans voted for more moderate parties however their extreme messages about Jews & the need to abolish democracy was ignored.

Economic Stability

• Stresemann was fixing the German economy.

• A new currency (Rentenmark) was introduced and the introduction of the Dawes plan had helped to turn Weimar’s economy around.

• As part of the Dawes plan, America agreed to loan 800 million marks to Germany (which would later cause problems).

• Stability returned in the economy & unemployment began to fall, therefore living standards improved.

Humiliation in Munich

• The failure of the Munich Putsch humiliated Nazis & their party was banned. After the ban was lifted, the parties was still under constant pressure from the authorities.

• Hitler was banned from public speaking until 1927 and when we was in prison, the party lost its direction.

📜 Nazi timeline