Q. The status of the current activity of a process is represented by the value of the ___________ ___________ and the contents of the processor's registers.

A. program counter

Q. The memory layout of a process is typically divided into multiple ___________.

A. sections

Q. ___________ section is the executable code.

A. Text

Q. ___________ section contains global variables.

A. Data

Q. ___________ section is memory that is dynamically allocated during program run time.

A. Heap

Q. ___________ section is temporary data storage when invoking functions (such as function parameters, return addresses, and local variables).

A. Stack

Q. The sizes of the text and data sections are ___________.

A. fixed

Q. The ___________ and ___________ sections can shrink and grow dynamically during program execution.

A. stack, heap

Q. A program is a ___________ entity.

A. passive

Q. A program becomes a process when an ___________ file is loaded into memory.

A. executable

Q. It is also common to have a process that ___________ many processes as it runs.

A. spawns

Q. A process can itself be an ___________ environment for other code.

A. execution

Q. As a process executes, it ___________ state.

A. changes

Q. The ___________ of a process is defined in part by the current activity of that process.

A. state

Q. The process is being ___________.

A. created

Q. Instructions are being ___________.

A. executed

Q. The process is waiting for some ___________ to occur.

A. event

Q. The process is waiting to be ___________ to a processor.

A. assigned

Q. The process has finished ___________.

A. execution

Q. The global data section is divided into different sections for (a) ___________ data and (b) uninitialized data.

A. initialized

Q. A separate section is provided for the argc and argv parameters passed to the ___________ ( ) function.

A. main

Q. The ___________ field refers to initialized data, and bss refers to uninitialized data.

A. data

Q. ___________ is a historical term referring to block started by symbol.

A. bss

Q. Only one process can be ___________ on any processor core at any instant.

A. running

Q. Each process is represented in the operating system by a process control block (PCB) - also called a ___________ ___________ ___________.

A. task control block

Q. The ___________ indicates the address of the next instruction to be executed for this process.

A. counter

Q. The ___________ vary in number and type, depending on the computer architecture.

A. registers

Q. This information includes a process priority, pointers to scheduling queues, and any other ___________ parameters.

A. scheduling

Q. This information may include such items as the value of the base and limit registers and the ___________ tables, or the segment tables, depending on the memory system used by the operating system.

A. page

Q. This information includes the amount of CPU and real time used, time limits, account numbers, job or process numbers, and so on.

A. Accounting

Q. This information includes the list of I/O devices allocated to the process, a list of ___________ files, and so on.

A. open

Q. The PCB simply serves as the ___________ for all the data needed to start, or restart a process, along with some accounting data.

A. repository

Q. The process model discussed so far has implied that a process is a program that performs a ___________ thread of execution.

A. single

Q. Most modern operating systems have extended the process concept to allow a process to have ___________ threads of execution and thus to perform more than one task at a time.

A. multiple

Q. This feature is especially beneficial on ___________ systems, where multiple threads can run in parallel.

A. multicore

Q. On systems that support threads, the ___________ is expanded to include information for each thread.

A. PCB

Q. The convention in modern operating systems and compilers is that the ___________ of a process contains temporary data such as function parameters, return addresses, and local variables.

A. stack

Q. A process control block ___________ a process' states.

A. contains

Q. A process may transition to the Ready state by which of the following actions? While the process is waiting for completion of an I/O event or an ___________ has occurred or an I/O operation the process is waiting for has completed.

A. interrupt

Q. A ___________ is a set of commands or processes executed by a batch system.

A. job

Q. ___________ are user-level programs, as opposed to system programs.

A. User programs

Q. A process is a program loaded into memory and ___________.

A. executing

Q. A CPU register indicating the main memory location of the next instruction to load and execute is called ___________.

A. program counter

Q. The ___________ ___________ is the executable code of a program or process.

A. text section

Q. The ___________ section is the data part of a program or process; it contains global variables.

A. data

Q. The ___________ section of process memory that is dynamically allocated during process run time; it stores temporary variables.

A. heap section

Q. The section of process memory that contains the stack, it contains activation records and other temporary data is called ___________ ___________.

A. stack section

Q. A record created when a function or subroutine is called is added to the stack by the call and removed when the call returns. It contains function parameters, local variables, and the return address and is called ___________ ___________.

A. activation record

Q. A file containing a program that is ready to be loaded into memory and executed is an ___________ ___________.

A. executable file

Q. The condition of a process, including its current activity as well as its associated memory and disk contents, is the process’s ___________.

A. state

Q. A per-process kernel data structure containing many pieces of information associated with the process is called a ___________ ___________ ___________.

A. process control block

Q. A process control structure that is an execution location is called a ___________.

A. thread

Q. A process with a single thread executes only ___________ task at a time, while a multithreaded process can execute a task per thread.

A. one

Q. The objective of ___________ is to have some process running at all times so as to maximize CPU utilization.

A. multiprogramming

Q. The objective of ___________ ___________ is to switch a CPU core among processes so frequently that users can interact with each program while it is running.

A. time sharing

Q. The ___________ ___________ selects an available process for program execution on a core.

A. process scheduler

Q. Each CPU core can run ___________ process at a time.

A. one

Q. The number of processes currently in memory is known as the ___________ of multiprogramming.

A. degree

Q. The process control block in the Linux operating system is represented by the C structure ___________.

A. task_struct

Q. A process's ___________ is the process that created it.

A. parent

Q. A process’s ___________ are any processes that it creates.