Grouping together of many firms from the same industry in a single area for collective or cooperative use of infrastructure and sharing of labor resources.

Locational triangle

a diagram showing where the factory is in relation to the market and resources needed to produce the item.

Bulk-reducing industries

An industry in which the final product weighs less or comprises a lower volume than the inputs.

Bulk-gaining industries

Industries whose products weigh more after assembly than they did previously in their constituent parts. Such industries tend to have production facilities close to their markets.

Labor-oriented industry

And industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses

Break of bulk

transfer of cargo from one type of carrier to another

containerization

The transporting of goods in standard-sized shipping containers.

intermodal

the use of multiple modes of transportation

Front offices

very expensive space of a company where the executives work; high profile location

Back offices

Less expensive spaces for doing the company work

Gross National Product (GNP)

Is the total value of all the goods and services produced by a nation in a single year.

Gross National Income (GNI)

the income of a nation calculated based on goods and services produced, plus income earned by citizens and corporations headquartered in that country

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

A measurement of the total goods and services produced within a country.

remittances

Transfers of money/goods by foreign workers to their home countries.

Purchasing power parity (PPP)

The amount of money needed in one country to purchase the same goods and services in another country

Formal sector

portion of the economy monitored by government, so people follow regulations and pay taxes

Informal sector

the portion of an economy largely outside government control in which employees work without contracts or benefits

Gini Coefficient

A measure of income inequality within a population, ranging from zero for complete equality, to one if one person has all the income.

Life expectancy

A figure indicating how long, on average, a person may be expected to live

Literacy rate

The percentage of a country's people who can read and write.

Gender gap

differences in the privileges afforded to males and females in a society

Gender Inequality Index (GII)

A measure of the extent of each country's gender inequality

Human Development Index (HDI)

Indicator of level of development for each country, constructed by United Nations, combining income, literacy, education, and life expectancy

Glass ceiling

A metaphor alluding to the invisible barriers that prevent minorities and women from being promoted to top corporate positions.

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs)

international non-profit agencies that are active in humanitarian, educational, health care, public policy, and other areas to affect change according to their objectives

Microcredit (microfinance)

programs that provide small loans to start or expand a business to entrepreneurs who would not normally qualify for credit from traditional sources