Causes: Texas annexation and attempt to buy California. “American Blood was Shed on American Soil” in territory between the Rio Grande and Nueces River. (Disputed Territory)

Abraham Lincoln opposes it

We win the war and gain New Mexico Territory, California, etc (Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo)

Compromise of 1850

Fugitive Slave Act - Most Controversial

California Admitted as a Free State

Popular Soveriegnty

Allow Slavery in District of Columbia but ban slave trade

Test Review - From Andrew Jackson to Manifest Destiny

Antebellum Period - is generally considered to be the period before the Civil War and after the War of 1812

Age of Jackson

Political development in the years before the Civil War

Explain how democracy expanded in 1820’s and what were some limitations.

Democracy expanded mainly because voting was introduced to common men or men who did not own land. Prior to this, only white landowners who were men could vote. Additionally, the influence of Andrew Jackson led this to be a “Jacksonian Period” with “Jacksonian Democracy” where the common man was empowered, otherwise known as the age of the common man.

B. Election of 1824

Explain why the election goes to the House.

Describe the perceived “corrupt bargain.”

The “corrupt bargain” happened during the 1824 election when Andrew Jackson won the popular vote and received more electoral votes. He claimed that Henry Clay helped the opposing candidate win if he was granted the position of vice president.

Presidency of John Quincy Adams

Explain why he was highly qualified.

John Quincy Adams was highly qualified because he had been secretary of state. At a young age, he was already leading politically, and could speak many different languages, making him an expert in foreign communication. He negotiated the end of the War of 1812, helped acquire Florida, and helped develop the Monroe Doctrine.

Describe the factors that made him unsuccessful.

Although he was great at foreign languages, John Quincy Adams lacked experience in foreign affairs, which hindered his ability to make successful treaties and alliances. Additionally, his background as a president was very controversial because of the “Corrupt Bargain.” He was also known for the passing of the “Tariff of Abominations,” which worsened his political image. “Federalist”

C. Presidency of Andrew Jackson

Describe what his election symbolized and why.

Andrew Jackson's election symbolized the “rise of the common man,” highlighting his background and rise to power.

Champion of Common Man or King Andrew: Explain the aspects of his life and/or presidency would support either description.

Spoils System - Explain the system and identify concerns and consequences of the system.

The Spoils System is a system where once the president is elected, they open jobs and benefits for their supporters. This was evident during Andrew’s time as president as he removed certain members of the government who he believed were “corrupt” and replaced them with his democratic supporters. It removed people who knew what they were doing.

Native American Policy and Indian Removal Act - Describe it.

Tariff of Abominations and Nullification - Explain the tariff conflict.

In 1828, South Carolina declared the increased tariff of 1828 or the “Tariff of Abominations” to be unconstitutional. According to the “nullification theory” each state had a right to obey a federal law or to declare it null and void. Under the threat of session, Jackson was open to compromise and the tariff was lowered. And South Carolina would rescind the nullification.

Battle over the Bank - Explain the Battle.

The Bank of the United States, though privately owned helped cushion the economy from ups and downs. However, suspicion that the Bank only supported the wealthy and abused its powers. Jackson decided that the bank was unconstitutional and was a “private monopoly that enriched the wealthy.”

2. Election of 1832:

What was the ultimate consequence of Jackson’s attack on the Bank?

The ultimate consequence of Jackon’s unwillingness to recharter the nation bank led to the Panic of 1837.

D. Election of 1836

Describe the reasons that led to the rise of the Whig Party.

The Whig Party increased in popularity during the election of 1840. Aided by the dislike for Van Buern over the panic of 1837 and a popular war hero William Henry Harrison. The Whigs won the election of 1840 establishing them as a national party.

In the election of 1836 describe the Whig plan and the results.

In the election of 1836, the Whig plan was to have multiple candidates and to try and prevent a win by popular vote and to throw it into the House of Representatives.

President Martin Van Buren: Describe the problems he inherited.

Martin Van Bueren inherited the problems from the Panic of 1837. Which was caused by Andrew Jackson's refusal to recharter the national bank. Got Andrew Jacksons enemies and didnt want to deal with texas annexation.

Panic of 1837 - Describe the cause and effect.

The cause of the Panic of 1837 was Jackson’s policy of opposing banks, which led to a financial disaster and increased unemployment. This damaged the reputation of the Democrats and Martin Van Buren, Jackson’s successor, which led to their loss in the Election of 1836.

E. Election of 1840

Whigs vs Democrats - Explain the differences between them.

The Whigs supported a national bank, protective tariffs, and federal spending for internal improvements. The Democrats opposed them. Democrats were more focused on high land prices and business monopolies, while the Whigs were more concerned with crime associated with immigrants.

Identify what helped the Whigs win.

The Whigs used a national war hero (William H. Harrison) to win over the states into winning the election.

Describe what President Harrison is known for.

President Harrison is known for having the shortest term, dying of pneumonia one month after taking office. He is also known for making the longest inaugural speech in all of American history. The speech lasted for 1 hour and 40 minutes.

II. The Development of an American Culture

Explain how and why a new national culture developed from 1800 to 1848. (go to google class see summary reading and video)

The Second Great Awakening

Describe the causes of the Second Great Awakening. (page 287)

Key takeaway is the idea of predestination(being able to change where you would end up in the afterlife). Started reforms

The Second Great Awakening was instrumental in the formation of other movements…Identify these movements.

C. Age of Reforms

Identify and describe the reform movements of the early to mid 1800s.

III. Manifest Destiny - expressed the popular belief that the United States had a divine mission to extend its power and civilization across the breadth of North America…Explain what was behind this idea.

The Republic of Texas

Explain events that led to Texas becoming an independent nation in 1836.
Explain the reasons for and against annexation of Texas.

B. Boundary Dispute in Oregon

Describe what was meant by 54’40 or fight.

Advocating for the United States to claim the entire Oregon Territory up to the 54°40' north latitude, or be prepared to fight Great Britain for it.

Identify how the boundary dispute was solved.

C. 1844 Election

Identify the candidates and parties.

The Northern wing who wanted Martin Van Bueren but chose James K. Polk and the Whig candidate was Henry Clay.

Identify who won and describe its mandate.

The Democrats won and nterpreted the election as a mandate to add Texas to the Union.

Explain what happened with the question of Texas Annexation.

Texas was annexed in 1845, becoming the 28th state, which led to the Mexican-American War.

D. Mexican - American War (The Mexican War)

Explain the causes of the war including the most immediate cause.

A border dispute in disputed territory

Describe the controversy over the most immediate cause of the war.

Because it was disputed land, Polk argued that american blood had been shed on american soil.

Identify the consequences of the war.

Describe the Wilmot Proviso.

The Wilmot Proviso was an unsuccessful amendment bill that was going to prohibit slavery in any territory of the land acquired from Mexico.

Identify Mexican Cession.

Was the land given up by Mexico to America because of their defeat.

Explain the three Conflicting Positions on Slavery Expansion.
Explain why the Compromise of 1850 was needed and the parts of the Compromise.
Compromise of 1850: Identify and describe the most controversial part.

The most controversial part is the fugitive slave act.

E. Gadsden Purchase -

Describe the purchase.

The Gadsden Purchase was made to make the transcontinental railroad.

The Age of Jackson: Increased Democracy

Question A

Describe one change during this period that led to an increase in democracy.

One change that led to increased democracy was the expansion of suffrage. Many states removed property requirements for voting, allowing more white men, particularly from the working and middle classes, to participate in elections.

Question B

Describe another change during this period that led to an increase in democracy.

Another change was the introduction of nominating conventions, replacing the congressional caucus system. This allowed party members, rather than elite politicians, to choose candidates, making the process more democratic.

Age of Jackson: Presidency of Andrew Jackson

Question A

Briefly explain ONE event during the Presidency of Jackson that reflects him being a tyrant.

Jackson's implementation of the Indian Removal Act of 1830 reflected tyrannical behavior. Despite the Supreme Court ruling in Worcester v. Georgia that favored Native American rights, Jackson ignored the decision, leading to the forced relocation and suffering of Native tribes on the Trail of Tears.

Question B

Briefly explain ONE event during the Presidency of Jackson that reflects him being a Champion of the Common Man.

Jackson was seen as a champion of the common man through his opposition to the Second Bank of the United States. He believed the bank favored wealthy elites at the expense of ordinary citizens and vetoed its recharter, redirecting funds to state banks.

Question C

Explain one event or action during Jackson's presidency that could be perceived by some as acting a tyrant but by others perceived as him being a "champion of the common man."

The Spoils System is an example of an action perceived differently. While some saw it as corrupt, with Jackson giving government jobs to loyal supporters, others viewed it as a way to democratize government by involving more citizens in public service.

The Two-Party System

Question A

Describe what brought about the new two-party system (Whigs).

The new two-party system emerged primarily due to opposition to Jackson's policies, particularly his use of executive power and his destruction of the Bank of the United States. This opposition led to the formation of the Whig Party.

Question B

Identify one major difference between the Whigs and the Democrats.

A major difference between the Whigs and the Democrats was their views on federal power. Whigs supported a strong federal government that promoted infrastructure projects and industry, while Democrats favored states' rights and limited federal intervention.

Question C

Explain the Whig plan in the 1836 election and the result.

In the 1836 election, the Whigs ran multiple candidates in different regions in an attempt to divide the vote and force the decision to the House of Representatives. However, the strategy failed, and Jackson's chosen successor, Martin Van Buren, won the presidency.

Age of Reforms (1820-1860s)

Question A

Describe what led to the call for social reforms.

The call for social reforms was driven by the Second Great Awakening, which emphasized personal salvation and moral responsibility. This inspired many to address societal issues like slavery, women’s rights, and education.

Question B

Briefly explain ONE historical development related to women’s rights during the Age of Reform.

One development in women’s rights was the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848, where activists like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott drafted the Declaration of Sentiments, demanding equal rights, including suffrage.

Question C

Briefly explain ONE other historical development related to social reforms during the Age of Reform.

Another significant reform was the temperance movement. Advocates sought to reduce alcohol consumption, believing it caused social problems like poverty and domestic violence, leading to the formation of organizations like the American Temperance Society.

Texas and Mexican War

Question A

Identify one reason to annex Texas and one reason against Annexation of Texas.

One reason to annex Texas was the belief in Manifest Destiny, the idea that the U.S. was destined to expand westward. A reason against annexation was the fear of expanding slavery and increasing sectional tensions.

Question B

Explain the most immediate cause of the Mexican War and why was this controversial.

The most immediate cause of the Mexican War was the U.S. annexation of Texas and the subsequent border dispute between the U.S. and Mexico along the Rio Grande. This was controversial because some saw it as an unjust aggression to expand slavery.

Question C

Explain the major consequence of the war.

A major consequence of the war was the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, which ceded a vast amount of territory to the U.S., including present-day California, Arizona, and New Mexico. This intensified debates over the expansion of slavery in the new territories.

Test Review - From Andrew Jackson to Manifest Destiny

Antebellum Period - is generally considered to be the period before the Civil War and after the War of 1812

Topics in Google Classroom: Age of Common Man and Manifest Destiny

Textbook 4.8, 4.10, 4.11, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4

Agendas 3/4 through 3/21

Age of Jackson

Political development in the years before the Civil War

Explain how democracy expanded in 1820’s and what were some limitations.

Democracy expanded mainly because voting was introduced to common men or men who did not own land. Prior to this, only white landowners who were men could vote. Additionally, the influence of Andrew Jackson led this to be a “Jacksonian Period” with “Jacksonian Democracy” where the common man was empowered, otherwise known as the age of the common man.

B. Election of 1824

Explain why the election goes to the House.

Describe the perceived “corrupt bargain.”

The “corrupt bargain” happened during the 1824 election when Andrew Jackson won the popular vote and received more electoral votes. He claimed that Henry Clay helped the opposing candidate win if he was granted the position of vice president.

Presidency of John Quincy Adams

Explain why he was highly qualified.

John Quincy Adams was highly qualified because he had been secretary of state. At a young age, he was already leading politically, and could speak many different languages, making him an expert in foreign communication. He negotiated the end of the War of 1812, helped acquire Florida, and helped develop the Monroe Doctrine.

Describe the factors that made him unsuccessful.

Although he was great at foreign languages, John Quincy Adams lacked experience in foreign affairs, which hindered his ability to make successful treaties and alliances. Additionally, his background as a president was very controversial because of the “Corrupt Bargain.” He was also known for the passing of the “Tariff of Abominations,” which worsened his political image. “Federalist”

C. Presidency of Andrew Jackson

Describe what his election symbolized and why.

Andrew Jackson's election symbolized the “rise of the common man,” highlighting his background and rise to power.

Champion of Common Man or King Andrew: Explain the aspects of his life and/or presidency would support either description.

Spoils System - Explain the system and identify concerns and consequences of the system.

The Spoils System is a system where once the president is elected, they open jobs and benefits for their supporters. This was evident during Andrew’s time as president as he removed certain members of the government who he believed were “corrupt” and replaced them with his democratic supporters. It removed people who knew what they were doing.

Native American Policy and Indian Removal Act - Describe it.

Tariff of Abominations and Nullification - Explain the tariff conflict.

In 1828, South Carolina declared the increased tariff of 1828 or the “Tariff of Abominations” to be unconstitutional. According to the “nullification theory” each state had a right to obey a federal law or to declare it null and void. Under the threat of session, Jackson was open to compromise and the tariff was lowered. And South Carolina would rescind the nullification.

Battle over the Bank - Explain the Battle.

The Bank of the United States, though privately owned helped cushion the economy from ups and downs. However, suspicion that the Bank only supported the wealthy and abused its powers. Jackson decided that the bank was unconstitutional and was a “private monopoly that enriched the wealthy.”

2. Election of 1832:

What was the ultimate consequence of Jackson’s attack on the Bank?

The ultimate consequence of Jackon’s unwillingness to recharter the nation bank led to the Panic of 1837.

D. Election of 1836

Describe the reasons that led to the rise of the Whig Party.

The Whig Party increased in popularity during the election of 1840. Aided by the dislike for Van Buern over the panic of 1837 and a popular war hero William Henry Harrison. The Whigs won the election of 1840 establishing them as a national party.

In the election of 1836 describe the Whig plan and the results.

In the election of 1836, the Whig plan was to have multiple candidates and to try and prevent a win by popular vote and to throw it into the House of Representatives.

President Martin Van Buren: Describe the problems he inherited.

Martin Van Bueren inherited the problems from the Panic of 1837. Which was caused by Andrew Jackson's refusal to recharter the national bank. Got Andrew Jacksons enemies and didnt want to deal with texas annexation.

Panic of 1837 - Describe the cause and effect.

The cause of the Panic of 1837 was Jackson’s policy of opposing banks, which led to a financial disaster and increased unemployment. This damaged the reputation of the Democrats and Martin Van Buren, Jackson’s successor, which led to their loss in the Election of 1836.

E. Election of 1840

Whigs vs Democrats - Explain the differences between them.

The Whigs supported a national bank, protective tariffs, and federal spending for internal improvements. The Democrats opposed them. Democrats were more focused on high land prices and business monopolies, while the Whigs were more concerned with crime associated with immigrants.

Identify what helped the Whigs win.

The Whigs used a national war hero (William H. Harrison) to win over the states into winning the election.

Describe what President Harrison is known for.

President Harrison is known for having the shortest term, dying of pneumonia one month after taking office. He is also known for making the longest inaugural speech in all of American history. The speech lasted for 1 hour and 40 minutes.

II. The Development of an American Culture

Explain how and why a new national culture developed from 1800 to 1848. (go to google class see summary reading and video)

The Second Great Awakening

Describe the causes of the Second Great Awakening. (page 287)

Key takeaway is the idea of predestination(being able to change where you would end up in the afterlife). Started reforms

The Second Great Awakening was instrumental in the formation of other movements…Identify these movements.

C. Age of Reforms

Identify and describe the reform movements of the early to mid 1800s.

III. Manifest Destiny - expressed the popular belief that the United States had a divine mission to extend its power and civilization across the breadth of North America…Explain what was behind this idea.

The Republic of Texas

Explain events that led to Texas becoming an independent nation in 1836.
Explain the reasons for and against annexation of Texas.

B. Boundary Dispute in Oregon

Describe what was meant by 54’40 or fight.

Advocating for the United States to claim the entire Oregon Territory up to the 54°40' north latitude, or be prepared to fight Great Britain for it.

Identify how the boundary dispute was solved.

C. 1844 Election

Identify the candidates and parties.

The Northern wing who wanted Martin Van Bueren but chose James K. Polk and the Whig candidate was Henry Clay.

Identify who won and describe its mandate.

The Democrats won and nterpreted the election as a mandate to add Texas to the Union.

Explain what happened with the question of Texas Annexation.

Texas was annexed in 1845, becoming the 28th state, which led to the Mexican-American War.

D. Mexican - American War (The Mexican War)

Explain the causes of the war including the most immediate cause.

A border dispute in disputed territory

Describe the controversy over the most immediate cause of the war.

Because it was disputed land, Polk argued that american blood had been shed on american soil.

Identify the consequences of the war.

Describe the Wilmot Proviso.

The Wilmot Proviso was an unsuccessful amendment bill that was going to prohibit slavery in any territory of the land acquired from Mexico.

Identify Mexican Cession.

Was the land given up by Mexico to America because of their defeat.

Explain the three Conflicting Positions on Slavery Expansion.
Explain why the Compromise of 1850 was needed and the parts of the Compromise.
Compromise of 1850: Identify and describe the most controversial part.

The most controversial part is the fugitive slave act.

E. Gadsden Purchase -

Describe the purchase.

The Gadsden Purchase was made to make the transcontinental railroad.

The Age of Jackson: Increased Democracy

Question A

Describe one change during this period that led to an increase in democracy.

One change that led to increased democracy was the expansion of suffrage. Many states removed property requirements for voting, allowing more white men, particularly from the working and middle classes, to participate in elections.

Question B

Describe another change during this period that led to an increase in democracy.

Another change was the introduction of nominating conventions, replacing the congressional caucus system. This allowed party members, rather than elite politicians, to choose candidates, making the process more democratic.

Age of Jackson: Presidency of Andrew Jackson

Question A

Briefly explain ONE event during the Presidency of Jackson that reflects him being a tyrant.

Jackson's implementation of the Indian Removal Act of 1830 reflected tyrannical behavior. Despite the Supreme Court ruling in Worcester v. Georgia that favored Native American rights, Jackson ignored the decision, leading to the forced relocation and suffering of Native tribes on the Trail of Tears.

Question B

Briefly explain ONE event during the Presidency of Jackson that reflects him being a Champion of the Common Man.

Jackson was seen as a champion of the common man through his opposition to the Second Bank of the United States. He believed the bank favored wealthy elites at the expense of ordinary citizens and vetoed its recharter, redirecting funds to state banks.

Question C

Explain one event or action during Jackson's presidency that could be perceived by some as acting a tyrant but by others perceived as him being a "champion of the common man."

The Spoils System is an example of an action perceived differently. While some saw it as corrupt, with Jackson giving government jobs to loyal supporters, others viewed it as a way to democratize government by involving more citizens in public service.

The Two-Party System

Question A

Describe what brought about the new two-party system (Whigs).

The new two-party system emerged primarily due to opposition to Jackson's policies, particularly his use of executive power and his destruction of the Bank of the United States. This opposition led to the formation of the Whig Party.

Question B

Identify one major difference between the Whigs and the Democrats.

A major difference between the Whigs and the Democrats was their views on federal power. Whigs supported a strong federal government that promoted infrastructure projects and industry, while Democrats favored states' rights and limited federal intervention.

Question C

Explain the Whig plan in the 1836 election and the result.

In the 1836 election, the Whigs ran multiple candidates in different regions in an attempt to divide the vote and force the decision to the House of Representatives. However, the strategy failed, and Jackson's chosen successor, Martin Van Buren, won the presidency.

Age of Reforms (1820-1860s)

Question A

Describe what led to the call for social reforms.

The call for social reforms was driven by the Second Great Awakening, which emphasized personal salvation and moral responsibility. This inspired many to address societal issues like slavery, women’s rights, and education.

Question B

Briefly explain ONE historical development related to women’s rights during the Age of Reform.

One development in women’s rights was the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848, where activists like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott drafted the Declaration of Sentiments, demanding equal rights, including suffrage.

Question C

Briefly explain ONE other historical development related to social reforms during the Age of Reform.

Another significant reform was the temperance movement. Advocates sought to reduce alcohol consumption, believing it caused social problems like poverty and domestic violence, leading to the formation of organizations like the American Temperance Society.

Texas and Mexican War

Question A

Identify one reason to annex Texas and one reason against Annexation of Texas.

One reason to annex Texas was the belief in Manifest Destiny, the idea that the U.S. was destined to expand westward. A reason against annexation was the fear of expanding slavery and increasing sectional tensions.

Question B

Explain the most immediate cause of the Mexican War and why was this controversial.

The most immediate cause of the Mexican War was the U.S. annexation of Texas and the subsequent border dispute between the U.S. and Mexico along the Rio Grande. This was controversial because some saw it as an unjust aggression to expand slavery.

Question C

Explain the major consequence of the war.

A major consequence of the war was the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, which ceded a vast amount of territory to the U.S., including present-day California, Arizona, and New Mexico. This intensified debates over the expansion of slavery in the new territories.

Note