Untitled Flashcards Set

Macomb Community College, South Campus BIOL 1000 Lab Practical I Review Sheet Exercise 1: The Metric System Upon successful completion of this lab, students should be able to:  List the fundamental units of length or distance, weight or mass, volume, and temperature.  Demonstrate proper use of metric rulers, balances, thermometers, and graduated cylinders to obtain accurate measurements.  Calculate the volume of a cube or rectangular prism.  Perform unit conversions between metric units, without the use of a calculator or conversion table. Exercise 2: Diversity of Life Upon successful completion of this lab, students should be able to:  Describe the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph.  Describe the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.  Describe the distinguishing characteristics of organisms within Domains Bacteria and Eukarya.  Describe the distinguishing characteristics of organisms within Kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.  Distinguish between basic bacterial cell shapes (i.e., bacillus, coccus, and spirillum).  Identify observed specimens and classify them into the proper Domain and Kingdom.  Within Kingdom Plantae, identify and describe the distinguishing characteristics of each specimen (i.e., nonvascular vs. vascular, non-seeded vs. seeded, and gymnosperm vs. angiosperm). Exercise 3: Taxonomy Upon successful completion of this lab, students should be able to:  List the taxa in order from most inclusive to most exclusive.  Identify and describe traits used in the identification of tree leaves (leaf shapes, leaf margins, leaf arrangement, simple vs. compound, etc.).  Use a dichotomous key to correctly identify a leaf.  Write scientific names in the proper format using binomial nomenclature Exercise 4: Microscopy Upon successful completion of this lab, students should be able to:  Identify the parts of a binocular compound microscope and describe their functions.  Calculate the total magnification for each objective lens.  Demonstrate proper technique to focus prepared specimens with the microscope.  Demonstrate proper technique to prepare and focus a wet mount with the microscope.  Describe the correct procedures for handling, storing, and cleaning microscopes. Exercise 5: Cells Upon successful completion of this lab, students should be able to:  Explain cell theory.  Identify and describe the structure and function of the major organelles of cells.  Describe structural differences between plant and animal cells.  Describe the difference between a cell membrane and a cell wall, and list which cell types have each structure.  Identify and differentiate between animal cells and plant cells under the microscope.  Explain the difference between unicellular, colonial, and multicellular organisms.  Identify the following unicellular and colonial organisms: Amoeba, Paramecium, Euglena, and Spirogyra and their structures.  Identify the structures used by Amoeba, Paramecium, and Euglena for movement and describe how movement occurs. Exercise 6: The Molecules of Life Upon successful completion of this lab, students should be able to:  List the four major classes of organic molecules found in cells.  Explain the significance of positive (+) and negative (-) controls.  List the reagents used to detect the presence of sugar, starch, protein, and lipid.  Describe (and identify) the positive (+) and negative (-) outcomes for detection of sugar, starch, protein, and lipid.  Analyze a solution for the presence of sugar, starch, protein, and lipid. Exercise 7: Membrane Transport Upon successful completion of this lab, students should be able to:  Explain the use of the model to demonstrate the importance of the surface area to volume ratio to cell transport.  Define solution, solute, solvent, diffusion, osmosis, and equilibrium.  Describe how molecular size affects rate of diffusion.  Define hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic solutions and describe the effects of each type of solution on animal and plant cells.  Explain the process of plasmolysis and describe the appearance of a plant cell that has undergone plasmolysis.  Describe the methods and list the reagents used to detect the movement of water, salt, and starch across a selectively permeable membrane.  Describe (and identify) the positive (+) and negative (-) outcomes for detection of salt and starch.  Analyze a solution for the presence of salt and starch. Exercise 8: The Action of Enzymes Upon successful completion of this lab, students should be able to:  Define catalyst, variable, hydrolysis, substrate, product, active site, conformation, inhibitor, denatured, and metabolism.  Explain the hydrolysis reaction catalyzed by the enzyme amylase, making sure to identify the substrate and product.  Explain how the starch test can be used to indicate amylase activity.  List the reagent used to detect amylase activity.  Describe (and identify) the positive (+) and negative (-) outcomes for detection of starch.  Interpret results of a starch test to detect starch hydrolysis and assess amylase activity.  Describe how amylase activity is affected by time, temperature, pH, and copper. Exercise 9: Cellular Respiration Upon successful completion of this lab, students should be able to:  Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.  Write the overall balanced equation for aerobic cellular respiration.  Write the overall balanced equations for alcohol and lactic acid fermentation.  State the gas produced during yeast fermentation.  Assess which carbohydrates can be used during yeast fermentation.  State and explain the effects of nutrient source on fermentation.  Define titration.  Explain how carbonic acid can be used as a measure of respiration.  Explain the roles of phenolphthalein and sodium hydroxide in the titration experiment.  Explain the role of resazurin in the resazurin dye reduction test.  Explain the reason for color change that was observed in the spoiled milk sample.  Describe (and identify) the positive (+) and negative (-) outcomes for the resazurin dye reduction test.  Identify a spoiled sample of milk by using the resazurin dye reduction test.  List the major product of lactic acid fermentation.  List at least two organisms that perform lactic acid fermentation.  Measure the pH of different solutions with pH paper. Exercise 10: Photosynthesis Upon successful completion of this lab, students should be able to:  Write the overall balanced equation for photosynthesis.  Identify the source of energy for photosynthesis.  Identify photosynthetic organisms.  Define producer, photoautotroph, consumer, and heterotroph.  Explain and label the basic structures of a leaf.  Describe and label the structures of a chloroplast.  State the gas produced during photosynthesis.  Evaluate and explain the effects of light intensity and color on photosynthesis.  Explain the source of carbon dioxide for aquatic plants.  Monitor and identify photosynthesis performed by aquatic plants by using the indicator phenol red.  Describe and explain the color changes observed with the indicator phenol red.  Identify and evaluate the solubility of photosynthetic pigments using paper chromatography.