Week 2 - CSP Handout.docx

Understanding Culture Society and Politics

Week 2 Lesson: Sociology

Society - A group of people living together with shared customs, laws, and organizations in a specific location

Sociology - The study of the nature and dynamics of human society

Origins of Sociology

Auguste Comte

• Founding father of Sociology First coined the term “Social Physics”

Three stages of society

THEOLOGICAL

• People attribute the different occurence in nature and society to divine or supernatural powers and whims of god.

METAPHYSICAL

• Integrate certain occurence in nature and society with emerging scientific principles in looking at nature and society

POSITIVE

• People started to study the nature and dynamics of society through observable data derived from experience.

Social Thinkers:

Emile Durkheim

• He proposed an analogy for “society as an organism” composed of interdependent parts. Mode of production consists of the forces of production and the relations of productions between the people involved in the production of goods

Karl Marx

• He explain that the rise and fall of societies is due to the changes in economic relation referred to as “modes of production” Conflict Theory

Max Weber

• Weber observes the iron cage of determinism For him, rationalization refers essentially to the disenchantment of the world. As science begun to replace the religion, people also adopted a scientific or rational attitude to the world.

Social Imagination

• Social Imagination was coinced by American Sociologists C. Wright Mills, to which he defined it as an outlook where we see our individuals lives are affected and reflective of the larger social context
• Example of Social Imagination in the Philippines
  • EDSA People Power Revolution

Sociological Theories

• Structural Functionalism - Treats society as an organism and examines how it is established, maintained, and strengthened.
• Symbolic Interactionism - Focuses on humans social interactions as a continuous process of interpretation, assignment of meaning, and responding to signals in the social environment.
• Conflict Theory - Considers different social categories that may contribute to power struggles and conflict such as economic classes, gender and race

Considers different social categories that may contribute to power struggles and conflict such as economic classes, gender and race

Levels of Analysis

Macro - Large-scale analysis of social phenomenon like social structures, institutions, and larger patterns of behavior and interaction

Micro - Specific details of interactions and how people act or respond when they communicate with others

What I Have Learned?

Part I: Terminology Check

Define the following key terms in your own words:

1. Society

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1. Sociology

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1. Social Imagination

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1. Structural Functionalism

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1. Conflict Theory

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Part II: Match the Thinker

Match the social thinker to their contribution. Write the letter of the correct answer.

A. Emile Durkheim
B. Karl Marx
C. Max Weber
D. Auguste Comte
E. C. Wright Mills

1. ____ Coined the term "Social Physics"
2. ____ Proposed the idea of “society as an organism”
3. ____ Introduced the concept of Social Imagination
4. ____ Observed the "iron cage of determinism"
5. ____ Explained social change through economic conflict

Part III: Short Answer

Answer the questions briefly but clearly.

1. What are the three stages of society according to Auguste Comte?

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1. How can we apply the concept of social imagination in understanding the EDSA People Power Revolution?

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