9 Parts of Speech

1. Noun
Words that name a person, place, thing, or idea.
Example: Angelyn, Caloocan, laptop, happiness

2. Types of Nouns

• Common – general names (boy, city)

• Proper – specific names (Taj Mahal, New Delhi)

• Collective – group names (crowd, herd)

• Abstract – feelings/qualities (honesty, bravery)

• Material – substances/materials (gold, food)

3. Pronoun
A word that substitutes for a noun, showing person, gender, number, and case.
Example: he, she, it, they

4. Verb
Words that show action or state of being.

• Action – run, eat

• Linking – am, is, seem

• Auxiliary (Helping) – do, have, be

• Modal – can, may, must

• Phrasal – take off, look up

5. Verb Tenses (Examples)

• Present Simple: She walks to school every day.

• Past Simple: She walked to school yesterday.

• Future Simple: She will walk to school tomorrow.

6. Adjective
Words that describe nouns.

• Possessive – my, your, his

• Demonstrative – this, that, these, those

• Interrogative – which, whose, what

• Compound – curly-haired, happy-go-lucky

7. Adverb
Describes how, when, where, or to what extent something happens.
Examples:

• Verb: She runs quickly.

• Adjective: The lake is incredibly beautiful.

• Adverb: She sings very beautifully.

8. Preposition
Words showing relationships between words, often about time/place.
Example: at noon, in the park

9. Conjunction
Words that connect words, phrases, or clauses.
Examples: and, but, or, because

10. Interjection
Words or phrases that express strong emotion or reaction.
Examples: ah, ouch, whoops

11. Article/Determiner
Words that specify and identify nouns.

• Definite Article: the

• Indefinite Articles: a, an

12. Conditionals (If-Clauses)

• Zero: If you stand in the rain, you get wet.

• First: If it rains, we will cancel our trip.

• Second: If I won the lottery, I would travel a lot.

• Third: If you had studied, you would have passed.

📒 Reviewer Notes: 9 Parts of Speech (Taglish, Gen Z Edition)

1. Noun (Pangngalan)

• Words na nagna-name ng tao, bagay, lugar, o idea.

• Examples: Angelyn, laptop, happiness, Caloocan.

• Types of Nouns:

  • Common: generic names (boy, book, city)

  • Proper: specific names (Taj Mahal, New Delhi)

  • Collective: group names (crowd, herd, fleet)

  • Abstract: ideas/feelings (honesty, bravery)

  • Material: materials/substances (gold, iron, food)
    👉 Tip: Kung may name ka ng tao/lugar na unique = Proper. Kung feelings/materials = Abstract/Material.

2. Pronoun (Panghalip)

• Shortcut words na ginagamit instead of repeating nouns.

• Shows person, gender, number, case.

• Examples: he, she, it, they.
  👉 Saves ka sa “redundancy” — instead of saying “Angelyn” 10x, just say “she.”

3. Verb (Pandiwa)

• Action words or “to be” states.

• Types:

  • Action: run, sing, eat

  • Linking: am, is, seem (nagde-describe ng subject)

  • Auxiliary (Helping): do, have, be

  • Modal: can, must, will, may

  • Phrasal: take off, ran out, look up

• Verb Tenses (basic vibes):

  • Present Simple: Habit/fact (She walks)

  • Past Simple: Natapos na (She walked)

  • Future Simple: Gaganapin pa (She will walk)
    👉 Kung gusto mo i-time travel ang sentence = gamitin ang tenses.

4. Adjective (Pang-uri)

• Describes nouns (pang-describe).

• Types:

  • Possessive: my, your, his

  • Demonstrative: this, that, those

  • Interrogative: what, which, whose

  • Compound: curly-haired, happy-go-lucky
    👉 Kung gusto mo gawing artsy ang nouns, dagdagan mo ng adjectives.

5. Adverb (Pang-abay)

• Describes verbs, adjectives, or adverbs.

• Examples:

  • Verb: She runs quickly.

  • Adjective: The lake is incredibly beautiful.

  • Adverb: She sings very beautifully.
    👉 Think of them as “intensifiers” or “chismosa words” — nagbibigay detalye pa more.

6. Preposition (Pang-ukol)

• Shows relationship ng words (time, place, direction).

• Examples: in the park, at noon.
  👉 Clue words for location/time — parang Waze sa sentence.

7. Conjunction (Pang-ugnay)

• Connects words, phrases, or clauses.

• Examples: and, but, or, because.
  👉 Literal “glue” ng sentence.

8. Interjection (Pang-interaksyon)

• Words/phrases na expression ng emotion/reaction.

• Examples: ah, ouch, whoops, wow.
  👉 Parang sound effects mo IRL, nilalagay lang sa text.

9. Articles/Determiners

• Nag-iidentify or nagsespecify ng nouns.

• Definite: the

• Indefinite: a, an
  👉 “A” = any, “The” = specific.

🔥 Bonus: Conditionals (If-clauses)

• Zero: If you stand in the rain, you get wet.

• First: If it rains, we will cancel.

• Second: If I won the lottery, I would travel.

• Third: If you had studied, you would have passed.
  👉 Shortcut rule: “If” + condition = possible o hypothetical scenario.