LOTUK

spit, e.g. Blakeney spit

waterfalls & gorges e.g. high force

→ waterfalls occur when a river crosses a bed of more and less resistant rock. the less resistant rock is eroded more rapidly by abrasion and hydraulic action.

this results in undercutting beneath the hard rock above it. the rivers energy also creates a hollow at the foot of it called a plunge pool.

as erosion continues undercutting this creates a ledge (cap rock) which overhangs and eventually collapses due to gravity. over time the waterfall retreats upstream and leaves a gorge of recession.

headlands and bays, e.g. Swanage Bay

→ occurs on a discordant coastline (as seen in the image)

beaches, e.g. Swanage Beach

v-shaped valleys

meanders and oxbow lakes

levees

when a river floods it carries sediment over the edge onto the floodplain

larger sediment is deposited at the channel edge and finer ones further away

after many floods the levees build up and the river channel capacity increases