South Asia Review Notes

Changes in South Asia

South Asia has undergone significant transformations over time in areas such as education and health care, particularly with a focus on offering free health care for the impoverished. The economy has exhibited diverse growth, increasing from 42 ext{%}$$42 ext{%}$$ to 69 ext{%}$$69 ext{%}$$, coupled with the establishment of a representative government.

Governmental Provision for Education and Health

The national health care provided by the government is aimed at the poor but suffers from low quality compared to private health care systems, forcing many to pay out-of-pocket. In education, the number of students in both private and public schools has increased, particularly among wealthier populations, but there remains a worrying trend of low educational attainment for girls due to socio-economic factors.

Economies of South Asia

The economies in South Asia are diverse and rooted in agriculture, industry, and tourism, with countries like Nepal and India experiencing significant development. The economic growth rate has risen from 42 ext{%}$$42 ext{%}$$ to 69 ext{%}$$69 ext{%}$$ over time, indicating ongoing improvement and expansion in job opportunities.

Demographics of South Asia

India has the largest population in South Asia at $1.34 ext{ billion}$$$1.34 ext{ billion}$$, while the Maldives has the smallest with $436,330$$$436,330$$ residents. The population is ethnically diverse, primarily of Indo-Aryan descent, and a significant portion is under the age of 25.

Cultural Characteristics and Diversity

Cultural practices in South Asia include staple foods such as rice and vegetables, and popular sports like badminton and soccer. Family structures often involve extended family living arrangements. This cultural diversity was shaped by historical influences and traditions.

Role of Religion

Religious beliefs significantly impact the treatment of women in South Asia. Issues such as child brides, sex trafficking, and dowry violence are prevalent, yet often underreported by media and government.

Environmental Issues

South Asia faces critical environmental challenges, including water pollution from waste, air pollution from vehicles, and land pollution due to trash. Governments have undertaken initiatives for waste management and sanitation, but illegal dumping remains a significant problem.

Interaction with the Environment

There are fines for illegal dumping to encourage responsible waste management, and efforts to promote recycling to combat environmental degradation. Proposed solutions include enhancing waste management practices and cleaning water sources to ensure safe access to clean water and food resources.

Key Terms and Definitions

• Subcontinent: A large landform larger than a peninsula but smaller than a continent.

• Deccan Plateau: Formed from volcanic activity, characterized by layers of flood basalt.

• Monsoon: Seasonal wind patterns that significantly affect South Asian climate.

• Mauryan Empire: Established around 322 BC; a significant Indian empire until 185 BC.

• Mughal Empire: A Muslim empire in India lasting from 1526 to 1858, known for its cultural advancements.

• Passive Resistance: A method of achieving political goals through protests and civil disobedience.

• Caste: A social stratification system determining social status in Hindu society.

• Untouchables: A historical class in the caste system associated with marginalized occupations.

• Reincarnation: The belief in being reborn into the universe, ultimately aiming for unity with Brahman.