Differential Diagnosis: Question 2

Speech Sound Disorders Overview

Types of Speech Sound Disorders

1. Phonological Delay

2. General Articulation Disorder

3. Severe Types

Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS)

• Unique articulation disorder with preserved phonemic contrasts (receptive)

• Prosody and coarticulation skills are deviant

• Inconsistency in word repetitions (e.g., "swim" may sound like "sim," "sinim," etc.)

• Inconsistent systems show variable productions in at least 40% of opportunities

Phonological Disorder

• Phonemic contrasts are neither preserved nor developmental

• Deviant and idiopathic patterns of sound development

• Impairs phonological awareness impacting reading and writing skills

• Inconsistencies are tied to cognitive-linguistic maladaptations

• Poor metacognitive skills correlate with a phonological disorder

Severity and Incidence

Therapy Preparation

• Select targets based on stimulability

• Consider correct production in specific contexts

• Prioritize sounds affecting intelligibility

• Choose sounds that develop earlier in the developmental sequence

Conclusion

• Speech Sound Disorders require a comprehensive approach focusing on language support for effective intervention.