Unit 4: Social Psychology and Study Guide

• Explain how attribution theory applies to behavior and mental processes.

• Explain how locus of control (internal and external) applies to behavior and mental processes.

Attributions 

Dispositional & Situational attributions

Explanatory styles

Actor/observer bias

Fundamental attribution error

• Explain how person perception applies to behavior and mental processes.

• Explain how stereotypes and implicit attitudes contribute to the behaviors and mental processes of prejudice and discrimination. 

• Explain how belief perseverance and cognitive dissonance apply to attitude formation and change. 

Self-serving 

Internal & External locus of control

Mere exposure effect

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Social comparison

Upward social comparison

Downward social comparison

Relative deprivation

Stereotype 

Cognitive load

Prejudice

Discrimination

Implicit attitudes

Just-World Phenomenon

Out-group homogeneity bias

In-group bias

Ethnocentrism

Belief perseverance

Confirmation bias

Cognitive dissonance

• Explain how the social situation affects behavior and mental processes. 

Social norms

Social influence

Normative social influence

Informational social influence

Persuasion

Elaboration likelihood model

Central route

Peripheral route

Halo effect

Foot-in-the-door technique

Door-in-the-face technique

Individualism

Collectivism

Multiculturalism

• Explain how being in a group can affect an individual’s behavior and mental processes. 

• Explain how prosocial behavior affects behavior and mental processes. 

Conformity

Obedience

Group Think

Group Polarization

Diffusion of responsibility

Social loafing

Deindividuation

Social facilitation

False consensus effect

Superordinate goals 

Social trap

Industrial-organizational psychologist

Burnout

Altruism

Prosocial behavior

Social debt

Social reciprocity norm

Social responsibility  norm

Bystander effect

Situational variables

Attentional variables

• Explain how theories about motivation apply to behavior and mental processes.

• Explain how eating and belongingness motivate behavior and mental processes. 

Drive-Reduction theory

Homeostasis

Ghrelin

Leptin

Hypothalamus: lateral & ventromedial

Pituitary gland

Gender Identity

Sexual Orientation

Feeding & Eating disorders

Arousal theory

Optimal level of arousal

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Self-determination theory

Intrinsic Motivation 

Extrinsic motivation

Instincts

Lewin’s motivational conflicts theory

Cognitive Dissonance 

Sensation-seeking theory

Disinhibition

Boredom Susceptibility

• Explain how theories of emotion apply to behavior and mental processes. 

• Explain how social norms and experiences influence the expression of emotions. 

Affect

Physiological v. Cognitive experiences

Cognitive label/appraisal

Facial-feedback hypothesis

Display rules

Elicitors

Broaden-and-build theory

Relative Deprivation 

• Explain how stress applies to behavior and mental processes.

• Explain how reactions to stress apply to behavior and mental processes.

• Explain how the ways that people cope with stress applies to behavior and mental processes.

Biofeedback

Stress

Stressors

Eustress

Distress

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)

General adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Exhaustion phase

Tend-and-befriend theory

Problem -focused coping

Emotion-focused coping

• Explain how the psychodynamic theory of personality defines and assesses personality. 

Psychodynamic theory

Unconscious process & mind

Ego defense mechanisms

Projective tests

Preconscious mind

Denial

Rationalization

Displacement

Projection

Reaction formation

Regression

Repression

Sublimation

• Explain how the humanistic theory of personality defines and assesses personality. 

• Explain how positive psychology approaches the study of behavior and mental processes. 

• Explain how positive subjective experiences apply to behavior and mental processes. 

Humanistic psychology

Unconditional regard

Self-actualization tendency

• Explain how the social cognitive theory of personality defines and assesses personality.

• Explain how locus of control (internal and external) applies to behavior and mental processes.

Social-cognitive theory

Reciprocal determinism

Self-concept

Self-efficacy

Self-esteem

Optimistic Explanatory Style

Pessimistic explanatory style

External locus of control

Internal locus of control

Learned Helplessness

Collectivist Cultures

Multiculturalism

Individualist Cultures

Self Serving Bias

Ataque de nervous

Taijin kyofusho

• Explain how trait theories of personality define and assess personality.

Trait theories

Big Five Theory

Agreeableness

Openness

Extraversion

Conscientiousness

Emotional Stability/Neuroticism

Personality Inventories

Factor analysis