G10 EOY Exam Review Sheet T1 24-25

UNIT 1: FEUDAL EUROPE

A. Key Terms, Places, People

Key Terms

1. Manor: A unit of land, originally a feudal lordship, consisting of a lord's demesne and lands rented to tenants.

2. Serfdom: A condition in medieval Europe where peasants were bound to the land and required to provide labor services to the lord.

3. Fief: An estate of land, especially one held on condition of feudal service.

4. Chivalry: The medieval knightly system including its religious, moral, and social code.

5. Feudalism: A medieval European social system characterized by a hierarchical structure of land ownership and obligations in exchange for loyalty and service.

Key Places

6. Europe: Feudalism was predominant in Europe during the Middle Ages, roughly from the 9th to the 15th century.

Key People

7. William the Conqueror: The Norman king who invaded England in 1066 and established feudalism there.

B. 5 W’s

• WHO: Monarch, Nobility, Knights, Serfs, Peasants, Merchants.

• WHAT: Feudalism was a social, political, and economic system that dominated medieval Europe, characterized by a hierarchical structure of land ownership and obligations.

• WHERE: Europe.

• WHEN: 9th to 15th Century.

• WHY: Provided structured social hierarchy, military defense, economic stability, and governance.

C. Causes of Feudalism

• After the Roman Empire's fall, local powers shifted towards lords who gained control.

• Invasions by Vikings, Magyars, and Muslims disrupted trade and governance, prompting local defense needs.

• The manorial system emerged to help communities maintain self-sufficiency during chaotic times.

• Citizens sought protection and stability, thus fostering the rise of feudalism.

D. Effects of Feudalism

• Society became hierarchical with clearly defined roles.

• The manorial system ensured self-sufficiency and led to new farming methods.

• Emphasized values of knightly honor and chivalry.

• Political power fragmented as local lords gained influence.

• Limited social mobility for serfs and peasants.

• Castles and fortified structures built for defense and protection.

E. Test Yourself

1. Key features of the feudal system included land ownership, service obligations, and social hierarchy.

2. The feudal hierarchy functioned with monarchs at the top, followed by nobles, knights, serfs, and peasants, each with distinct roles.

3. The feudal system contributed to stability by establishing clear obligations and protections within society.

4. The feudal system significantly influenced Medieval Europe by structuring society, politics, and economies around land ownership.

5. Major challenges included invasions and internal conflict, addressed through alliances and military.(Page 1-5)

UNIT 2: RENAISSANCE

A. Key Terms, Places, People

Key Terms

1. Renaissance: A "Re-birth" period in Europe marked by renewed interest in Classical scholarship and values.

2. Printing Press: The first movable type printer that revolutionized information dissemination.

3. Humanism: A system of education and inquiry emphasizing classical texts and human values.

4. Patron: An individual who provides financial or other support to an artist or cause.

Key Places

5. Italy: Central location where the Renaissance blossomed.

6. Florence: Major cultural and artistic center of the Renaissance.

Key People

7. Johannes Gutenberg: Inventor of mass printing technology in Europe.

8. Leonardo Da Vinci: A multifaceted Italian artist and inventor symbolizing Renaissance ideals.

9. Medici Family: Influential banking family and patrons of the arts.

B. 5 W’s

• WHO: Patrons, artists, sculptors, diplomats, inventors.

• WHAT: The Renaissance represented a reaffirmation of classical (Roman & Greek) thinking in various fields, including art, education, and politics, along with the emergence of humanism.

• WHERE: Italy, continent of Europe.

• WHEN: 1400 – 1700s.

• WHY: The era fostered inquiry and intellectualism that continue to influence society.

C. Causes of the Renaissance

1. Travel: Merchants returned with knowledge and goods from Asia.

2. City-States: Wealthy Italian city-states, primarily Venice and Florence, were vital trade hubs.

3. Classical Learning: Renewed interest in ancient scholars inspired new artistic and architectural endeavors.

D. Effects and Impact of the Renaissance

1. Science: Advancements led to the Scientific Revolution and explorations.

2. Art: Transitioned from religious symbolism to dynamic portrayals of humanism and realism.

3. Thinking: Shift towards reasoning and logic, questioning previous authority, including the Church.

4. Learning: Establishment of universities focused on classical Greek knowledge and modern degrees.

5. Printing Press: Allowed mass production of texts, broadening access to knowledge, diminishing control by the Church/state.

E. Test Yourself

1. Define Renaissance in your own words.

2. Identify and explain two causes of the Renaissance.

3. Define patrons of the arts with examples.

4. List and explain two effects of the Renaissance.

5. Discuss the significance of the Printing Press as a transformative invention.(Page 6-10)

Revision Reflection

• Identify confidence levels regarding various topics, challenges faced, and steps for improvement.

• Consider practical applications of knowledge in daily life or other studies.