85d ago
SP

African American History Exam 1!

  • Essentialism – The idea that certain traits, values, or identities are natural and unchanging, which has been used to justify inequalities in society.

  • Transatlantic Slave Trade – The forced transport of millions of Africans to the Americas for slavery, shaping economies and societies across continents.

  • Chattel Slavery – A brutal system where enslaved people were treated as property, with no rights, and could be bought, sold, or inherited.

  • Bacon’s Rebellion – A 1676 uprising in Virginia where poor white and Black workers united against the government, leading to stricter racial divisions.

  • Liberalism – A political philosophy focused on individual rights, freedom, and limited government, influencing movements like abolition and democracy.

  • Patriots and Loyalists – Patriots supported American independence from Britain, while Loyalists remained loyal to the British crown during the Revolution.

  • The Three-Fifths Compromise – A constitutional agreement where enslaved people were counted as three-fifths of a person for political representation and taxation.

  • Gradual Abolition – A slow process of ending slavery over time rather than immediately, used in northern U.S. states in the late 1700s and early 1800s.

  • American Colonization Society – A group that supported sending freed African Americans to Africa rather than integrating them into U.S. society.

  • Black Nationalism – A movement that promotes Black pride, self-sufficiency, and the idea of a separate Black nation or community.

  • Dred Scott v. Sandford (Dred Scott Decision) – An 1857 Supreme Court ruling that denied citizenship and rights to Black people, fueling tensions before the Civil War.

  • The Emancipation Proclamation – Abraham Lincoln’s 1863 order that freed enslaved people in Confederate states, shifting the Civil War toward ending slavery.

  • The Fourteenth Amendment – A constitutional amendment granting citizenship and equal protection under the law to all people born in the U.S., including former slaves.

  • Convict Lease – A system where prisoners, mostly Black, were forced to work under harsh conditions, continuing slavery-like labor after the Civil War.

  • Plessy v. Ferguson – An 1896 Supreme Court case that upheld racial segregation under the “separate but equal” doctrine, reinforcing discrimination.

  • The Middle Passage – The horrific ocean journey where enslaved Africans were transported to the Americas, suffering terrible conditions and high death rates.

  • Seasoning – A brutal process where enslaved Africans were "trained" to endure forced labor and harsh treatment in the Americas.

  • Indentured Servitude – A labor system where people worked for a set number of years in exchange for passage to the Americas, often in harsh conditions.

  • Freedom Suits – Legal cases where enslaved individuals sued for their freedom, sometimes winning but often facing strong opposition.

  • Thomas Jefferson – A Founding Father and U.S. president who wrote the Declaration of Independence but also owned enslaved people, showing contradictions in American ideals.

  • Manumission – The formal act of an enslaver freeing an enslaved person, which happened individually or through state laws.

  • Benjamin Banneker – A Black scientist, mathematician, and writer who challenged racial stereotypes and contributed to early American knowledge and planning.

  • The Haitian Revolution – A successful uprising (1791-1804) where enslaved Haitians overthrew French rule, becoming the first Black-led republic and inspiring abolitionists.

  • Tariff – A tax on imported goods that impacted economic policies, often leading to regional tensions in the U.S. before the Civil War.

  • Missouri Compromise – An 1820 law that balanced free and slave states by allowing Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, delaying sectional conflict.

  • Denmark Vesey – A formerly enslaved man who planned a major slave rebellion in 1822, but was caught and executed before it could happen.

  • Virginia Debate – A discussion in Virginia’s legislature about ending slavery after Nat Turner’s Rebellion, but it ultimately led to stricter slave laws instead.

  • Cincinnati Riots – Racial violence in Cincinnati, Ohio, where white mobs attacked Black residents, reflecting tensions over race and labor in northern cities.

  • Republican Party – A political party founded in the 1850s that opposed the expansion of slavery and later led efforts to abolish it during the Civil War.

  • Kansas-Nebraska Act – An 1854 law allowing settlers in new territories to decide on slavery, leading to violent conflicts known as “Bleeding Kansas.”

  • John Brown’s Raid – An 1859 attack on a federal armory by abolitionist John Brown, aiming to start a slave rebellion, which heightened tensions before the Civil War.

  • New York City Draft Riots – Violent protests in 1863 against the Civil War draft, where many white rioters attacked Black residents, showing racial tensions.

  • Fort Pillow Massacre – A Civil War event where Confederate soldiers killed surrendering Black Union troops, highlighting brutality against Black soldiers.

  • Wade-Davis Bill – A strict Reconstruction plan requiring Southern states to guarantee Black rights before rejoining the Union, vetoed by Lincoln.

  • Black Reconstruction – The period after the Civil War when Black leaders gained political power, schools were built, and efforts were made to create racial equality before segregation laws took hold.


knowt logo

African American History Exam 1!

  • Essentialism – The idea that certain traits, values, or identities are natural and unchanging, which has been used to justify inequalities in society.

  • Transatlantic Slave Trade – The forced transport of millions of Africans to the Americas for slavery, shaping economies and societies across continents.

  • Chattel Slavery – A brutal system where enslaved people were treated as property, with no rights, and could be bought, sold, or inherited.

  • Bacon’s Rebellion – A 1676 uprising in Virginia where poor white and Black workers united against the government, leading to stricter racial divisions.

  • Liberalism – A political philosophy focused on individual rights, freedom, and limited government, influencing movements like abolition and democracy.

  • Patriots and Loyalists – Patriots supported American independence from Britain, while Loyalists remained loyal to the British crown during the Revolution.

  • The Three-Fifths Compromise – A constitutional agreement where enslaved people were counted as three-fifths of a person for political representation and taxation.

  • Gradual Abolition – A slow process of ending slavery over time rather than immediately, used in northern U.S. states in the late 1700s and early 1800s.

  • American Colonization Society – A group that supported sending freed African Americans to Africa rather than integrating them into U.S. society.

  • Black Nationalism – A movement that promotes Black pride, self-sufficiency, and the idea of a separate Black nation or community.

  • Dred Scott v. Sandford (Dred Scott Decision) – An 1857 Supreme Court ruling that denied citizenship and rights to Black people, fueling tensions before the Civil War.

  • The Emancipation Proclamation – Abraham Lincoln’s 1863 order that freed enslaved people in Confederate states, shifting the Civil War toward ending slavery.

  • The Fourteenth Amendment – A constitutional amendment granting citizenship and equal protection under the law to all people born in the U.S., including former slaves.

  • Convict Lease – A system where prisoners, mostly Black, were forced to work under harsh conditions, continuing slavery-like labor after the Civil War.

  • Plessy v. Ferguson – An 1896 Supreme Court case that upheld racial segregation under the “separate but equal” doctrine, reinforcing discrimination.

  • The Middle Passage – The horrific ocean journey where enslaved Africans were transported to the Americas, suffering terrible conditions and high death rates.

  • Seasoning – A brutal process where enslaved Africans were "trained" to endure forced labor and harsh treatment in the Americas.

  • Indentured Servitude – A labor system where people worked for a set number of years in exchange for passage to the Americas, often in harsh conditions.

  • Freedom Suits – Legal cases where enslaved individuals sued for their freedom, sometimes winning but often facing strong opposition.

  • Thomas Jefferson – A Founding Father and U.S. president who wrote the Declaration of Independence but also owned enslaved people, showing contradictions in American ideals.

  • Manumission – The formal act of an enslaver freeing an enslaved person, which happened individually or through state laws.

  • Benjamin Banneker – A Black scientist, mathematician, and writer who challenged racial stereotypes and contributed to early American knowledge and planning.

  • The Haitian Revolution – A successful uprising (1791-1804) where enslaved Haitians overthrew French rule, becoming the first Black-led republic and inspiring abolitionists.

  • Tariff – A tax on imported goods that impacted economic policies, often leading to regional tensions in the U.S. before the Civil War.

  • Missouri Compromise – An 1820 law that balanced free and slave states by allowing Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, delaying sectional conflict.

  • Denmark Vesey – A formerly enslaved man who planned a major slave rebellion in 1822, but was caught and executed before it could happen.

  • Virginia Debate – A discussion in Virginia’s legislature about ending slavery after Nat Turner’s Rebellion, but it ultimately led to stricter slave laws instead.

  • Cincinnati Riots – Racial violence in Cincinnati, Ohio, where white mobs attacked Black residents, reflecting tensions over race and labor in northern cities.

  • Republican Party – A political party founded in the 1850s that opposed the expansion of slavery and later led efforts to abolish it during the Civil War.

  • Kansas-Nebraska Act – An 1854 law allowing settlers in new territories to decide on slavery, leading to violent conflicts known as “Bleeding Kansas.”

  • John Brown’s Raid – An 1859 attack on a federal armory by abolitionist John Brown, aiming to start a slave rebellion, which heightened tensions before the Civil War.

  • New York City Draft Riots – Violent protests in 1863 against the Civil War draft, where many white rioters attacked Black residents, showing racial tensions.

  • Fort Pillow Massacre – A Civil War event where Confederate soldiers killed surrendering Black Union troops, highlighting brutality against Black soldiers.

  • Wade-Davis Bill – A strict Reconstruction plan requiring Southern states to guarantee Black rights before rejoining the Union, vetoed by Lincoln.

  • Black Reconstruction – The period after the Civil War when Black leaders gained political power, schools were built, and efforts were made to create racial equality before segregation laws took hold.