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psylife4_ch03_lecppt

1. Sleep Stages Over 90 Minutes

  • N1 (Stage 1): Transition stage to sleep, lasting a few minutes; muscle activity decreases, easy to awaken, theta brain waves appear.

  • N2 (Stage 2): About 20 minutes; heart rate and body temperature drop; sleep spindles occur; light sleep, still easily awakened.

  • N3 (Stage 3): Deep sleep lasting around 30 minutes; dominated by delta waves; difficult to awaken; essential for body restoration.

  • R (REM Sleep): First occurs about 90 minutes after sleep onset, lasting 10-20 minutes; vivid dreaming occurs; body experiences temporary paralysis of major muscles.

2. Importance of Adequate Sleep

  • Effects of Sleep Deprivation: Leads to cognitive impairments, mood disturbances, and increased risk of chronic conditions and accidents due to decreased coordination and judgment.

3. Meaningful Hypnosis Theory

  • Sociocognitive Theory: Suggests hypnosis results from social interactions and expectations rather than a distinct consciousness state, with suggestion power influenced by perceptions.

4. Psychoactive Drugs

  • Definition: Substances that alter mental states and impact perception, mood, and behavior; include stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, and opioids.

5. New Information on Addiction and Psychoactive Drugs

  • Addiction is marked by compulsive use despite adverse effects, with genetic predispositions influencing susceptibility, highlighting biological and environmental factors in substance use disorders.