Woodrow wilson
clear racist
Investigate, educate, legislate
a progressive motto
The reformer is always right about what is wrong, but not about what is right
G.K. Chesterson
generally urban as a movement
efficiency and making laws rational
rational city planning, making better roads
very Science or Research-based
doctors, lawyers, engineers, professors, ‘politicians’ contributed more
all contributed to civil and public issues
credentialization
doctors, lawyers, etc. now how certification standards and procedures
standardized competition and stop quackery
leaned into a lot of social science and logical thinking
also led to eugenics and other large pseudo-sciences
Muckrakers
people who wrote books exposing ploys behind corrupt industries
in general were more subtle than people these days, but also more effectives
big issues;
child labor laws, discrimination, lack of public health, (write rest down from recording)
motives
some sincere
some probably more self-centered
brought balance between economic class and ‘higher’ class
women had more of a role
split into 2 focuses: wanting better conditions and wanting political rights
rural citizens behind this
wanted women to vote (19th)
more rule over money (16th)
1913 federal reserve (17th)
wanted prohibition (18th amendment)
factory workers and rural population united
industrilization in 19th century early 1900s
big corporations much more common, a few ruling industires
The Merger Movement
financiers
people who use large amounts of money on behalf of
typically know less about the businesses themselves but just the processes they go through
e.g. J.P. Morgan
Carnegie sold to him
Taylorism
Scientific Management
researchers took time into account to how fast labor tasks are done
time and motion studies
are people in sync, are they talking while working, etc.
what actions are the most efficient
birth of micromanagement
birth of industrial research centers
came up with time and motion specialists
workers had no right in what the process of their work is/was
led to a lot of discontent and was then done away with
Industrial Response to Labor
greater acceptance
greater acceptance of regulation by the government
increased pay
Henry Ford was a big name
wanted to assimilate immigrants
“americanization”
teaching how to dress, talk, etc. like Americans
companies created newsletters and even adopted or created sports teams
celebrated retirement of long-term workers and managers
public relations became a common department
New Immigration
Chinese
mostly southern Europeans
scandanavian
Jewish and Catholic
were reluctant to send their kids to the public schools although all teens were required by law to go
resisted bc no religious values enforced and no way to make money at school
a lot less this time (1.8 million)
a lot of Mexicans
10% moved to US due to revolution in MX
Birds of passage
would come to the US, make a bunch of money, then go back home
a lot of Italians
Dealing with Immigrations and Social Problems
Temperance
thought a lot of immigrants drank too much
temperance turned to prohibition
women and children affected most by alcohol abuse
divorce rate double b/w 1880s and 1960
Theodore Roosevelt
low intellect, low wage, low moral
Progressive motives
industrial elites degrading society
concern about its effects and conditions for life
overall was an urban movement
wanted management and regulation, overall, not radicalism
restore past luster and lost status
belief in reason and science
could be solved if the right people put their minds to it
paternalistic and coercive
if you weren’t in their groups
very bold about their opinions “you need to do xyz, and this is why”
if you support target you’re a bigot, kind of thing
use of scientific management and basically more
paternalistic and coercive
is not really extremist or radical
had its exceptions: eugenics and over doing scientific management
did not work actively for Black suffrage
overcome political machines and newly rich
convert immigrants to Americanism and halt immigration from the ‘wrong countries’
less concern for individual charity and for helping individuals and more concern for improving society
a lot were first ministers
can create heaven on earth before Jesus comes back
almost exclusively protestant christians
then became more
eugenics
low intelligence was considered genetic
italians, czechs, russians, germans, etc.
called the mixing of these races the ‘race suicide’
persuaded poor to have fewer children
“the passing of
environmentalism
environment influences who people are
changing their environment changes who people are
criminals are made not born
Positive Eugenics
Professions
certifications
need to go to school to be a teacher, lawyer
economics became its own field
also needed to be certified for things
Women in Progressive Era
Florence Keller
Black Americans in the Progressive Era
Booker T Washington (South)
education and up to speed before civil rights
W.E>B> Du Bois
talent black americans
vocational education
one of first to get a P.h.D.
Civil Rights rarely touched in the south
not by either party
“the solid south”
all democrats who very strongly opposed civil rights in any manner
allowed lynching and all kinds of stuff
south very powerful in national voting
Cultural and Social life
movies silent except for music in the background like in plays
no audio until the 30s
10k theatre houses with millions of viewers
National Academy of Art
without approval, you had a hard time seling your art
originality was seen more like a bane or just not that common
alternative school of art: AShkan school with 8 big artsits
gritty scenes of real life in big cities
1900s-1920
jacob Reese
darker palletes
John sloan
George Bellows
Robert Henri
Theresa Bernstein
Brancusi
Cubism, Modernism, impressionism, fogs
not too involved with europe’s ideas
Presidents during the Progressive Era
theodore roosevelt
elected in 1896 for VP
becamse president in
established between good vs. bad trusts
good services at reasonable rates
vs. price gougers
clean food, pure drugs, pristine land
pure food and drug act 1906
happened in stages
accurate labeling
make sure u state all that was in it
unsafe products
if it has arsenic
be affective for what you say it does
3 C’s
conservation of natural resources
control of corporations
consumer protects
The square deal
equal opportunity
the Bully Pulpit
predatory wealth
Woodrow wilson
Henry Taft