What is Earth Science?

Study of natural sciences, including Earth’s structure, properties, and processes

Branches of Earth Science

• Geology

• Oceanography

• environmental Science

• Astronomy

• Meteorology

Geology-Scientific study of the structure of earth

Oceanography-Study of ocean’s movement

Meteorology-Study of weather a climate

Astronomy-study of the universe

Environmental Science-study of humans interacting with environment

Earth’s Systems

• 4 major branches-

• Atmosphere

• Biosphere

• Geosphere

• Hydrosphere

Cartography-science of map making

Lines of latitude are continues

Lines of longitude go from one point to another

Degrees of latitude and longitude

• latitude is constant, evenly spaced

• Longitude varies, spacing changes

map projections

1. mercator projection: parallel line of latitude and longitude

   area of landmass is distorted

2. Conic Projection:projection of globe on paper (coned shaped)

   land at top of map is distorted

3. Gnomonic Projection:Projection of single point from globe

   most distortion

   Topographic map

   shows changes in elevation of an area

   useful for city planning or understanding layout of area

   Contour lines- connects point equal elevation on map never cross

   Contour Ineral- difference in elevation between two contour lines

   Geologic Map

   used to show distribution, arrangement and type of rock below soil

   map legend=Explains symbols on a map

   map scale=Ratio distance on a map and actual distance on Earth

   Remote Sensing

   Process of gathering data about earth using instruments on satellites and other air borne crafts

   land satellites

   Record reflected wavelength of energy from earth’s surface