AP EXAM | LESSON 3

🌏 Lesson 3: Economic Issues in the Philippines (Flashcards)

🥖 POVERTY

1. What does poverty in the Philippines mean?
A. A condition where individuals or families cannot afford basic needs like food, shelter, and clothing
B. A state of wealth and abundance
C. Having too many job opportunities
D. High government salaries
✅ Correct Answer: A

2. What are the basic needs families in poverty struggle to afford?
A. Food, shelter, and clothing
B. Entertainment, cars, and travel
C. Internet, gadgets, and phones
D. Investments and savings
✅ Correct Answer: A

3. What causes some children to stop studying early?
A. Poverty and lack of access to education
B. High curiosity
C. Family wealth
D. Urban development
✅ Correct Answer: A

4. What are the main causes of poverty in the Philippines?
A. Corruption, unemployment, overpopulation, and low education
B. Rapid industrialization and trade
C. Increased government funding
D. Urban progress
✅ Correct Answer: A

5. How does lack of quality education affect poverty?
A. It limits access to better jobs and higher income
B. It creates more entrepreneurs
C. It reduces job competition
D. It improves living standards
✅ Correct Answer: A

6. What are the indicators of poverty?
A. Hunger, malnutrition, low income, and poor living conditions
B. Increasing salaries
C. Growing exports
D. High literacy rates
✅ Correct Answer: A

7. What does it mean when families skip meals because they cannot afford food?
A. Food insecurity
B. Food sustainability
C. Food globalization
D. Food balance
✅ Correct Answer: A

8. What are the effects of poverty on families?
A. Malnutrition, poor education, and higher crime rates
B. Increased tourism
C. More investments
D. Better jobs
✅ Correct Answer: A

⚙ LABOR

9. What is labor?
A. The human effort used to produce goods and services
B. The machines in factories
C. Natural resources
D. Money used in trade
✅ Correct Answer: A

10. What do workers receive in exchange for their labor?
A. Wages or salaries
B. Government property
C. Free housing
D. Loans
✅ Correct Answer: A

11. When does the economy run most efficiently?
A. When labor is fully utilized
B. When unemployment is high
C. When businesses close
D. When wages are low
✅ Correct Answer: A

12. What are the TYPES OF LABOR?
A. Skilled, semi-skilled, and unskilled labor
B. Male and female labor
C. Domestic and foreign labor
D. Short and long-term labor
✅ Correct Answer: A

13. Define UNSKILLED LABOR.
A. Work requiring no special training or experience
B. Work requiring college education
C. Work using machines
D. Office management work
✅ Correct Answer: A

14. Define SEMI-SKILLED LABOR.
A. Work requiring some training or experience but not full specialization
B. Work done only by professionals
C. Work performed by robots
D. Work requiring licenses
✅ Correct Answer: A

15. Define SKILLED LABOR.
A. Work requiring specialized training and education
B. Work that anyone can perform
C. Work without pay
D. Work for volunteers
✅ Correct Answer: A

16. Define WAGE EMPLOYEES.
A. Workers paid a fixed amount per day or month
B. Volunteers
C. Investors
D. Students
✅ Correct Answer: A

17. Define CONTRACT LABOR.
A. Workers hired for a limited period under an agreement
B. Regular employees
C. Business owners
D. Government officials
✅ Correct Answer: A

18. What is the PHILIPPINE LABOR FORCE?
A. The total number of employed and unemployed persons aged 15 and above
B. Only those with permanent jobs
C. Students and retirees
D. OFWs abroad
✅ Correct Answer: A

19. Who are included in the labor force?
A. People aged 15 and above who are working or seeking work
B. Children under 15
C. Retired individuals
D. Foreigners
✅ Correct Answer: A

20. Who are excluded from the labor force?
A. Students, housewives, retirees, and disabled persons not seeking work
B. Professionals
C. Business owners
D. Skilled workers
✅ Correct Answer: A

21. Who are EMPLOYED PERSONS?
A. Individuals engaged in any form of paid work
B. Those seeking jobs
C. Retirees
D. Students
✅ Correct Answer: A

22. What does Labor Force Survey (LFS) count?
A. People at work, not the number of jobs
B. Job listings
C. Unregistered businesses
D. Company profits
✅ Correct Answer: A

23. Are OFWs part of the Philippine labor force?
A. No, they belong to the foreign labor force
B. Yes, all are counted
C. Only those on vacation
D. Only skilled OFWs
✅ Correct Answer: A

💼 CONTRACTUALIZATION / ENDO

24. What is CONTRACTUALIZATION or ENDO?
A. The short-term hiring of employees, often for less than six months
B. Permanent employment
C. Internship programs
D. Labor union membership
✅ Correct Answer: A

25. Why do companies practice ENDO?
A. To avoid giving regular benefits and reduce costs
B. To increase worker stability
C. To promote full-time jobs
D. To help government programs
✅ Correct Answer: A

26. Who are most affected by ENDO?
A. Low-income workers and fresh graduates
B. Business owners
C. Government officials
D. OFWs
✅ Correct Answer: A

27. Is contractualization legal?
A. It is legal under certain conditions stated in Articles 106–109 of the Labor Code
B. Completely banned
C. Only allowed abroad
D. Only for minors
✅ Correct Answer: A

28. What do Articles 106–109 of the Labor Code say?
A. Contracting is allowed if the contractor has sufficient capital and supervises employees directly
B. Contracting is always illegal
C. Only foreigners can contract
D. No business can hire part-time
✅ Correct Answer: A

29. What is the RIGHT TO SECURITY OF TENURE?
A. The right of an employee to keep their job unless removed for a just or authorized cause
B. The right to increase salaries
C. The right to own property
D. The right to start a business
✅ Correct Answer: A

30. What does JUST CAUSE mean?
A. A valid reason for termination due to the employee’s fault
B. Any personal reason
C. Lack of profit
D. Vacation leave
✅ Correct Answer: A

31. What does AUTHORIZED CAUSE mean?
A. A legal reason for dismissal such as redundancy or closure of business
B. Employee’s negligence
C. Violation of ethics
D. Resignation
✅ Correct Answer: A

32. What is the ANTI-CONTRACTUALIZATION BILL for?
A. To stop unfair labor-only contracting and promote regular employment
B. To expand ENDO
C. To remove labor unions
D. To allow longer contracts
✅ Correct Answer: A

📉 UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNDEREMPLOYMENT

33. What is UNEMPLOYMENT?
A. The state where people are willing and able to work but cannot find a job
B. Having multiple jobs
C. Temporary rest
D. Retirement
✅ Correct Answer: A

34. What does unemployment measure?
A. The percentage of the labor force without jobs
B. Company profits
C. Wage increases
D. Population size
✅ Correct Answer: A

35. What does a high unemployment rate indicate?
A. Poor economic performance
B. Strong labor market
C. Rising exports
D. Full employment
✅ Correct Answer: A

36. What is UNDEREMPLOYMENT?
A. When workers are employed but desire additional hours or better jobs
B. When workers are overpaid
C. When workers have multiple jobs
D. When there’s no labor force
✅ Correct Answer: A

37. What causes underemployment?
A. Low-quality jobs and lack of skills
B. High salaries
C. Improved industries
D. Population control
✅ Correct Answer: A

38. What happens to college graduates under underemployment?
A. They work in jobs below their qualifications
B. They become entrepreneurs
C. They move abroad
D. They manage businesses
✅ Correct Answer: A

🌍 MIGRATION ISSUES

39. What is MIGRATION?
A. The movement of people from one place to another to live or work
B. Staying in one’s homeland permanently
C. Only short-term travel
D. Temporary vacation
✅ Correct Answer: A

40. What are positive effects of migration?
A. Remittances, skill improvement, and global exposure
B. Family separation
C. Brain drain
D. Loss of jobs locally
✅ Correct Answer: A

41. What are negative effects of migration?
A. Family separation, brain drain, and emotional struggles
B. Increased wealth
C. Higher local employment
D. Improved industries
✅ Correct Answer: A

42. What is the BRAIN DRAIN PROBLEM?
A. The loss of skilled workers who migrate abroad
B. The lack of education
C. The increase of local workers
D. The growth of industries
✅ Correct Answer: A

43. How does brain drain affect the Philippines?
A. It reduces the number of skilled professionals available locally
B. It increases local expertise
C. It builds better industries
D. It lowers education costs
✅ Correct Answer: A

44. What is the SOCIAL COST OF MIGRATION?
A. The emotional and family problems caused by separation due to migration
B. The increase in remittances
C. The loss of tourism
D. The rise in education rates
✅ Correct Answer: A

45. What happens when parents work abroad and leave children behind?
A. Emotional and behavioral effects on the family
B. Increased family bonding
C. Higher birth rates
D. Lower remittances
✅ Correct Answer: A