Review of Chapters 1 to 3 on Alimony and Jurisdiction
Chapter 7: Alimony and Related Concepts
Alimony (Page 189)
Definition: Alimony refers to financial support paid to a spouse after separation or divorce.
Permanent Alimony (Page 195)
Definition: Permanent alimony is a form of spousal support that continues indefinitely until the recipient remarries or either party passes away.
Opportunity Cost (Page 195)
Definition: Opportunity cost is the loss of potential gain from other alternatives when one alternative is chosen.
Change in Circumstances (Page 195)
Explanation: This refers to any significant change in the situation of either spouse that may affect the need for alimony.
Rehabilitation Support (Page 196)
Definition: Rehabilitation support is temporary financial support intended to help a spouse gain the training or education needed to become self-sufficient.
Reimbursement Alimony (Page 199)
Definition: Reimbursement alimony is compensation for expenses incurred during the marriage, such as education costs, that would have benefitted the receiving spouse.
Modification (Page 200)
Explanation: Modification refers to changes or adjustments made to existing alimony agreements based on changes in financial circumstances.
Contempt (Page 204)
Definition: Contempt may arise if one party fails to comply with the court's alimony order, leading to potential penalties.
Bankruptcy (Page 205)
Explanation: The implications of bankruptcy on alimony obligations and how they may be influenced by changes in a person's financial status.
Chapter 8: Marital Property
Marital Property
Also referred to as community property.
Two separate definitions in the book: marital property and community property.
Importance: Both terms may refer to the same concepts of property acquired during marriage but can have jurisdictional implications.
Equitable Distribution (Page 213)
Definition: Equitable distribution refers to the fair division of marital property between spouses during a divorce.
Separate Property (Page 214)
Definition: Separate property consists of assets owned by one spouse prior to marriage or acquired by gift or inheritance during marriage.
Tangible Property (Page 215)
Definition: Tangible property includes physical items that can be touched, such as cars, furniture, and real estate.
Intangible Property (Page 216)
Definition: Intangible property refers to non-physical assets, such as stocks, bonds, and intellectual property.
Transmutation (Page 227)
Definition: Transmutation refers to the process by which separate property is converted into marital property or vice versa.
Types of Transmutation:
By Agreement: Formal contracts that stipulate how property shall be handled.
By Joint Title: Properties held jointly may be considered marital property even if acquired separately.
By Commingling: When separate assets are mixed with marital assets, they may lose their separate status.
By Use: The way property is used can influence its characterization in a divorce.
Valuation (Page 228)
Definition: Valuation refers to the process of determining the fair market value of marital assets for distribution purposes.
Fair Market Value (Page 229)
Definition: The estimated price that an asset would sell for on the open market.
Qualified Domestic Relations Order (QDRO) (Page 235)
Definition: A QDRO is a legal order that allows a separating spouse to receive a portion of the other spouse's retirement benefits or pension plan.
Chapter 9: Jurisdiction
Subject Matter Jurisdiction
Definition: The authority of a court to hear cases of a specific type or cases relating to a specific subject matter.
Personal Jurisdiction
Definition: The power of a court to require a party to appear before it, based on the party's geographical connections to the jurisdiction.
Domicile
Definition: A person's permanent legal residence, which determines the jurisdiction for legal matters.
Minimum Contact
Concept: A legal standard that determines if it is appropriate for a court in one state to assert jurisdiction over a defendant from another state based on their connections with that state.
Long Arm Statute
Definition: A statute that allows for jurisdiction over out-of-state defendants based on certain activities conducted in the jurisdiction state.
In Rem Jurisdiction
Definition: Jurisdiction based on the location of the property involved in the legal proceedings.
Home State Jurisdiction
Definition: The jurisdiction granted to the state where the parties involved in the case are domiciled.
Emergency Jurisdiction
Explanation: Circumstances under which a court can assert jurisdiction urgently to protect a party’s interests.
Last Resort Jurisdiction
Definition: A type of jurisdiction asserted only when no other jurisdiction is appropriate or available.
Modification Jurisdiction (Page 249)
Addressing how modifications to orders (such as alimony or custody) can be made under certain jurisdiction conditions.
Quiz Information
Upcoming quiz covering Chapters 7, 8, and 9 will take place on Tuesday.
Students should be prepared on all aspects of the discussed chapters.