CLIN406-1

Page 1: Course Introduction

• Course Title: Counseling 1 (PSY 406)

• Instructor: Rowland P. Barrett, Ph.D.

• Institution: University of Massachusetts - Dartmouth

• Established: 1895

Page 2: Clinical Counseling Overview

Key Definitions

• Counseling: A process where a counselor helps a client deal with personal issues and improve coping strategies.

• Counseling Psychology: A field of psychology focused on facilitating personal and interpersonal functioning across the lifespan.

• Clinical Psychology: A branch of psychology that focuses on diagnosing and treating emotional, mental, and behavioral disorders.

Page 3: Historical Context

Early Pioneers of the Mental Health Movement

• William Tuke (1732 – 1822): Founded the York Retreat, emphasizing humane treatment for the mentally ill.

• Philippe Pinel (1745 – 1826): Advocate for moral treatment and author of "Treatise on Insanity" (1806).

• Eli Todd (1762 – 1832): Established The Hartford Retreat in the U.S., promoting recovery through esteem and kindness.

• Dorothea Dix (1802 – 1887): Activist for the reform of mental health care in Boston, known for her work improving conditions for mentally ill patients.

Page 4: William Tuke

• Era: 1732 - 1822

• Achievements: Established the York Retreat, a sanctuary for people with mental illnesses in England.

Page 5: Philippe Pinel

• Era: 1745-1826

• Contributions: Authored the groundbreaking "Treatise on Insanity" in 1806, revolutionizing how mental illness was perceived and treated in France.

Page 6: Eli Todd

• Era: 1762 - 1832

• Significance: Founded The Hartford Retreat that embraced a compassionate approach to mental health.

Page 7: Dorothea Dix

• Era: 1802 - 1887

• Roles: Renowned Sunday school teacher who advocated for better treatment of the mentally ill in Boston.

Page 8: Advancements in Child Mental Health

• Key Figures: Emma Pendleton Bradley and George & Helen Bradley

• Impact: Established the Emma Pendleton Bradley Home in 1931, the first hospital dedicated to children with mental health issues.

Page 9: Cultural Issues in Clinical Counseling

Demographic Changes

• Multiculturalism: Growing diversification of the U.S. population from 1990-2000.

• Significant increases in Asian/Pacific Islander (+50%) and Hispanic populations (+50%).

• Challenges presented by a growing number of 1st generation Americans and various language needs in schools, notably 20% ESL (2006).

• Projections for 2050 anticipate 50% of U.S. population being from diverse backgrounds including African-American, Native American, Asian American, and Latino/Hispanic groups.

Page 10: Multiculturalism as the 'Fourth Force'

• Major Forces in Psychology:

  1. Psychoanalysis

  2. Behaviorism

  3. Humanism

  4. Multiculturalism

Page 11: Directly Assessing Culture

Key Questions for Counselors

• What do you call your problem?

• What do you think your problem does to you?

• What do you think causes your problem?

• Why do you believe this problem has occurred?

• How would you like this problem to be treated?

• How do you want me to assist you?

• Who else could help?

• Who should be included in treatment decisions?

Page 12: Understanding Cultural Issues

Essential for Effective Counseling

• Increased awareness of cultural backgrounds is vital for addressing client needs in a clinical setting.

Page 13: Cultural Considerations

Importance of Awareness

• Counselors must grasp diverse cultural contexts to engage effectively with clients.

Page 14: Scholarly Resources

Recommended Journals and Ethical Standards

• Scholarly Journals: Journal of Multicultural Counseling & Development.

• Professional Ethical Standards: Address issues like boundaries of competence, unfair discrimination, and culturally relevant assessments.

• DSM-5 Context: Acknowledge culture-bound syndromes like Taijin kyofusho and Sutso.

Page 15: DSM-5 and Cultural Formulation

• Resource: Cultural Formulation Interview (p. 752-754).

Page 16: Defining Cultural Competence

Multicultural Counseling Competence

• Definition: Counselor's ability to acquire awareness, knowledge, and skills for effective practice in diverse societal contexts.

Page 17: Self-Awareness in Counseling

Fostering Understanding

• Increasing self-awareness regarding personal values, prejudices, and beliefs is crucial for effective counseling practice.

Page 18: Key Concepts in Cultural Competence

Understanding Diversity

• Knowledge of Cultures: Includes cultural norms, acculturation, assimilation, segregation, and marginalization.

Page 19: Clinical Skills and Cultural Adaptation

Essential Counseling Practices

• Culturally Appropriate Skills: Assessments should be adapted considering cultural backgrounds, addressing micro-aggressions as well.

Page 20: Broader Definition of Culture

Understanding Culture

• Scope: Culture includes race, ethnicity, gender, religion, socioeconomic status, geography, age, sexual orientation, political affiliation, disability status, occupation, artistic expressions, educational levels, and marital status.