CLIN406-1
Page 1: Course Introduction
Course Title: Counseling 1 (PSY 406)
Instructor: Rowland P. Barrett, Ph.D.
Institution: University of Massachusetts - Dartmouth
Established: 1895
Page 2: Clinical Counseling Overview
Key Definitions
Counseling: A process where a counselor helps a client deal with personal issues and improve coping strategies.
Counseling Psychology: A field of psychology focused on facilitating personal and interpersonal functioning across the lifespan.
Clinical Psychology: A branch of psychology that focuses on diagnosing and treating emotional, mental, and behavioral disorders.
Page 3: Historical Context
Early Pioneers of the Mental Health Movement
William Tuke (1732 – 1822): Founded the York Retreat, emphasizing humane treatment for the mentally ill.
Philippe Pinel (1745 – 1826): Advocate for moral treatment and author of "Treatise on Insanity" (1806).
Eli Todd (1762 – 1832): Established The Hartford Retreat in the U.S., promoting recovery through esteem and kindness.
Dorothea Dix (1802 – 1887): Activist for the reform of mental health care in Boston, known for her work improving conditions for mentally ill patients.
Page 4: William Tuke
Era: 1732 - 1822
Achievements: Established the York Retreat, a sanctuary for people with mental illnesses in England.
Page 5: Philippe Pinel
Era: 1745-1826
Contributions: Authored the groundbreaking "Treatise on Insanity" in 1806, revolutionizing how mental illness was perceived and treated in France.
Page 6: Eli Todd
Era: 1762 - 1832
Significance: Founded The Hartford Retreat that embraced a compassionate approach to mental health.
Page 7: Dorothea Dix
Era: 1802 - 1887
Roles: Renowned Sunday school teacher who advocated for better treatment of the mentally ill in Boston.
Page 8: Advancements in Child Mental Health
Key Figures: Emma Pendleton Bradley and George & Helen Bradley
Impact: Established the Emma Pendleton Bradley Home in 1931, the first hospital dedicated to children with mental health issues.
Page 9: Cultural Issues in Clinical Counseling
Demographic Changes
Multiculturalism: Growing diversification of the U.S. population from 1990-2000.
Significant increases in Asian/Pacific Islander (+50%) and Hispanic populations (+50%).
Challenges presented by a growing number of 1st generation Americans and various language needs in schools, notably 20% ESL (2006).
Projections for 2050 anticipate 50% of U.S. population being from diverse backgrounds including African-American, Native American, Asian American, and Latino/Hispanic groups.
Page 10: Multiculturalism as the 'Fourth Force'
Major Forces in Psychology:
Psychoanalysis
Behaviorism
Humanism
Multiculturalism
Page 11: Directly Assessing Culture
Key Questions for Counselors
What do you call your problem?
What do you think your problem does to you?
What do you think causes your problem?
Why do you believe this problem has occurred?
How would you like this problem to be treated?
How do you want me to assist you?
Who else could help?
Who should be included in treatment decisions?
Page 12: Understanding Cultural Issues
Essential for Effective Counseling
Increased awareness of cultural backgrounds is vital for addressing client needs in a clinical setting.
Page 13: Cultural Considerations
Importance of Awareness
Counselors must grasp diverse cultural contexts to engage effectively with clients.
Page 14: Scholarly Resources
Recommended Journals and Ethical Standards
Scholarly Journals: Journal of Multicultural Counseling & Development.
Professional Ethical Standards: Address issues like boundaries of competence, unfair discrimination, and culturally relevant assessments.
DSM-5 Context: Acknowledge culture-bound syndromes like Taijin kyofusho and Sutso.
Page 15: DSM-5 and Cultural Formulation
Resource: Cultural Formulation Interview (p. 752-754).
Page 16: Defining Cultural Competence
Multicultural Counseling Competence
Definition: Counselor's ability to acquire awareness, knowledge, and skills for effective practice in diverse societal contexts.
Page 17: Self-Awareness in Counseling
Fostering Understanding
Increasing self-awareness regarding personal values, prejudices, and beliefs is crucial for effective counseling practice.
Page 18: Key Concepts in Cultural Competence
Understanding Diversity
Knowledge of Cultures: Includes cultural norms, acculturation, assimilation, segregation, and marginalization.
Page 19: Clinical Skills and Cultural Adaptation
Essential Counseling Practices
Culturally Appropriate Skills: Assessments should be adapted considering cultural backgrounds, addressing micro-aggressions as well.
Page 20: Broader Definition of Culture
Understanding Culture
Scope: Culture includes race, ethnicity, gender, religion, socioeconomic status, geography, age, sexual orientation, political affiliation, disability status, occupation, artistic expressions, educational levels, and marital status.