Administering Medications by Inhalation

Administering Medications by Inhalation

• Overview: Inhalation is a common route for administering bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory medications.

  • Benefits include:

    • Direct delivery to the bronchioles

    • Minimization of systemic effects

    • Faster relief of bronchoconstriction

• Types of Inhalation Devices: There are four main types used:

  • Metered-Dose Inhalers (MDIs)

    • Portable, handheld devices using a pressurized canister to deliver a measured dose.

      • Usage: Usual dosing is one to two inhalations with one minute between doses.

      • Technique:

        • Client should exhale before inhaling.

        • Inhale simultaneously with pressing down on the canister.

        • Hold breath for 10 seconds or as long as possible to ensure the medication reaches the lungs.

      • Coordination Required: Hand-breath coordination is necessary.

      • Spacers: Devices that attach to MDIs to allow for easier inhalation and reduce contact with the mouth and oropharynx.

  • Dry Powder Inhalers (DPIs)

    • Portable devices which may be preloaded with doses or require insertion of a medication capsule.

    • Breath Activated:

      • Client must take a fast, deep breath to pull medication into airways.

      • Hold breath for 10 seconds after inhalation.

  • Soft Mist Inhalers

    • Multi-dose, preloaded devices delivering liquid medication in a fine mist.

      • Advantages: Does not use propellants; mist stays in the air longer than MDI sprays.

      • Technique: Similar to MDIs; exhale, press down, inhale, and hold breath 10 seconds.

      • Coordination Required: Hand-breath coordination is needed for effective use.

  • Nebulizers

    • Devices that convert liquid medication into a mist for inhalation.

    • Administration can be via a mask or mouthpiece.

      • Types: Available in portable, handheld, or tabletop versions.

      • Usage: Client inhales and exhales until all the medication is consumed.

      • Consideration: Longer duration for use compared to other devices.

Precautions

• Spacers should not be used with soft mist inhalers due to potential interference.

• Ensure all devices are set up correctly for optimal medication delivery.