Hum study guide chapter 5/phase 4

The struggle for Acadia Cause and Effect

The Fur Trade Phases 1-4

Who are the Metis?

• Metis/Metis nation - a culture/group of people that have Europeans-French and Scottish-fathers and First Nation mother

• Red River/Red River Colony - the area the Metis lived and developed their distinct culture

• Red River cart - one of the best known symbols of the Metis culture, used to carry belongings, or meat and hide back to Red River

• The Metis children up speaking two languages, so they were often interpreters for the European and First Nations

• They helped in the pemmican trade

  • Pemmican is a snack that voyagers, traders and freighters used because it traveled well

  • Pemmican is made of buffalo meat, fat and saskatoon berries

Timeline of the Seven Year War

Treaties

Treaty of Utrecht - gave Britain control of Acadia

Treaty of Paris - France gave up all it’s claims in North America except for Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, and Guadeloupe

The Great Deportation

• 1713 - Britain got control of Acadia

• 1730 - Britain made the Acadians swear an oath of neutrality, which stated that they had to remain neutral in the fighting against the French

• 1755 - British wanted Acadains to make a new oath, which stated the they had to fight for the British

• The Acadians did not make this oath so they were deported

• 1755-1763 more than 11 thousand Acadians were deported

• Who - British, Acadians, Mi’kmaq who intermarried with the Acadians

• What - more than 11 thousand Acadians were deported

• Where - Acadia renamed by Nova Scotia, most Acadians were sent to England, Thirteen Colonies, New France and France

• When - 1755-1763, during the 7 year war

• Why - the Acadians did not make the oath of allegiance, the British did not want the Acadians to fight with the French during the 7 year war

Seven Year War

• Great deportation, the battle of the plains of Abraham, and the Treaty of Paris happen during the Seven Year War

• Who - Britain (British), France (French), First Nations allies, Canadiens

• What - Britain and France fought for control of the Ohio Valley and eventually for control of the continent

• When - 1755-1763, started with Ohio Valley and ended when the Treaty of Paris was signed

• Where - Ohio Valley, Quebec, Plains of Abraham, all across North America

• Why - for control of North America

Battle of the Plains of Abraham

• Who - British forces led by General James Wolfe, French and Canadiens led by Marquis de Montclam

• What - Britain captured Quebec, both General Wolfe and Montclam died in the battle

• Where - Plains of Abraham, just southwest of Quebec

• When - Friday September 14 1759, only lasted an hour, June 23 General Wolfe began his siege on Quebec

“Good-bye New France”

• Who - French, Britain, Pierre de Rigaud de Vaudreuil de Cavagnial - last governor of New France - when to prison after surrendering New France

• What - Vaudreuil surrender New France

• Where - New France, by St. Lawrence River

• When - Vaudreuil surrender to the British in 1760

• Why - Vaudreuil saw fighting as pointless and felt that France could not win

Pontiac and Minweweh

• Pontiac, a leader of the Odawa First Nations group

• Minweweh, an Anishinabe leader, and an ally of Pontiac

• Organized an alliance of First Nations to fight and rebel against the British

• Pontiac signed a treaty with the British, that stated that they acknowledge that they did not have right to First Nations land

• Britain gave First Nations smallpox infected blankets

Royal Proclamation of 1763

• Same year as the Treaty of Paris

• Who - Britain, Canadiens, First Nations

• What - wanted to establish peace across North America

  • Wanted to assimilate Canadiens

    • Did this by making a British-style government, no Catholics in government, removing French civil laws, and encouraging people for the Thirteen Colonies to move to Quebec

  • Make peace with the First Nations

    • Establish a “proclamation line”, which separated the Thirteen Colonies from First Nation territory

• Where - North America, Quebec, by the St. Lawrence River, First Nations Territory-Ohio Valley

• When - 1763, after the Treaty was signed,

  • After Pontiac organized the First Nations

Quebec Act of 1774

• Who - British and the Canadiens

• What - removed everything that the Royal Proclamation did

  • Ensured that French language and Canadien culture remained

  • Allowed Canadiens to practice Catholic religion, reinstated French laws

  • Extended Quebec past “proclamation line” - without asking the First Nation

• Where - Quebec, First Nations Territory

• When - 1774

• Why - to prevent Quebec from rebelling

  • The Canadiens did not give up their culture - not “becoming British”

  • Were fighting the Mi’kmaq and Thirteen Colonies

    • Historical event that happened for the Quebec Act to happen: Royal Proclamation, Battle of the Plains of Abraham, Great Deportation, Fur Trade

• It is important today because it gave Canada two languages, and gave back French civil laws that are still used today