Lecture Notes Review on Hemostasis and Blood Physiology

Clinical Case 1: Prolonged Bleeding in Newborn

• A 2-day-old newborn was presented with prolonged bleeding after circumcision.

• This case suggests a deficiency in Vitamin K, which is crucial for blood clotting.

  • Options:

    • A. K (correct)

    • B. A

    • C. B

    • D. C

Cell Membrane Characteristics

• The following options describe characteristics of the cell membrane:

  • A. Static

  • B. Impermeable

  • C. Flexible (correct)

  • D. It’s stiff

Calcium Pump Types

• The types of calcium pumps include:

  • A. Antiport

  • B. Uniport (correct)

  • C. Symport

  • D. Co-port

Anemia Types in Young Women

• Alia, a 20-year-old, experiences severe prolonged menstrual cycles, indicating potential anemia.

• Lack of supplementation and poor diet suggests:

  • A. Microcytic (correct)

  • B. Macrocytic

  • C. Aplastic

  • D. Pernicious

Main Extracellular Cation

• Determining the primary extracellular cation:

  • A. Sodium (correct)

  • B. Potassium

  • C. Phosphate

  • D. Chloride

Hemostasis Stages

• Represents the second stage of hemostasis:

  • A. Vasoconstriction

  • B. Platelet plug (correct)

  • C. Clot formation

  • D. Anti-clotting reactions

Myocardial Infarction Prevention

• A 50-year-old woman presents retrosternal chest pain and breathing difficulty.

• Angiography shows occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery. Aspirin was prescribed to prevent myocardial infarction.

• Mechanism of action of Aspirin is:

  • A. COX inhibition (correct)

  • B. Thromboxane A2 release

  • C. Cyclo-oxygenase release

  • D. Fibrinolysis

Transport Mechanisms

• Identifying the type of transport in the given figure:

  • A. Primary active

  • B. Secondary active

  • C. Passive diffusion (correct)

  • D. Vesicular transport

Red Blood Cell Count Comparison

• Higher number of red blood cells is found in:

  • A. Children

  • B. Adult people (correct)

  • C. Old people

  • D. Newborn babies

Intravascular Fluid Ratio

• Percentage of total body weight constituted by intravascular fluid:

  • A. 60%

  • B. 5%

  • C. 15%

  • D. 20% (correct)

Plasma Composition

• Main components of plasma include:

  • A. Water (correct)

  • B. Vitamins

  • C. Proteins

  • D. Glucose

Erythropoietin Source

• The major source of erythropoietin in adults is:

  • A. Liver

  • B. Spleen

  • C. Kidneys (correct)

  • D. Bone marrow

Coagulant Factor Released

• Co-coagulant factor released from platelets:

  • A. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)

  • B. Platelet factor 3 (PF3) (correct)

  • C. Platelet activating factor

Extrinsic Pathway Duration

• Duration of the extrinsic pathway taken for coagulation:

  • A. 15 sec

  • B. 1-6 min (correct)

  • C. An hour

  • D. A day

Transport Types in Cells

• Identifying the transport type based on context:

  • A. Endocytosis

  • B. Exocytosis

  • C. Facilitated diffusion (correct)

  • D. Active transport

Essay Question

• Hormones essential for erythropoiesis:

  • Enumerate two key hormones.

  • Erythropoietin is one such hormone involved in stimulating red blood cell production.

  • Another hormone could be Testosterone, which influences erythropoiesis in males.