Lab Final Review Flashcards

Stomach

• Function: Stores food.
• Two things excreted: HCl (hydrochloric acid) to break down everything and pepsin breaks down proteins.
• Similar organ in earthworm to store food: crop.

Outer Ear

• Function: Not specified.

Tympanic Membrane

• Function: Absorbs soundwaves.
• Turtle equivalent: tympanum.

Ampullae of Lorenzini

• Function: Detects electrical currents.

Respiratory System

• Muscle aiding in breathing: diaphragm.
• Three major functions: Adds oxygen to blood, removes carbon dioxide from blood, regulates pH of blood.

Heart Chambers

• Pig: 4
• Shark: 2
• Turtle: 3

Gizzard

• Function: Grinds food.

Nutrient Exchange

• Occurs in: capillaries.

Nervous System

• System including brain and spinal cord: central nervous system (CNS).
• Peripheral nervous system division for fight or flight: sympathetic.

Endocrine System

• Communication: Uses hormones.

Taste

• Five kinds: Sweet, savory, (3 other kinds are missing).
• Why did the taste for sour things evolve: off-food taste to know when things are bad.

Urinary System

• Balloon-like organ: urinary bladder.
• Three functions: Regulate water, regulate salt, removes waste.

Squid

• Number of arms: 8
• Number of tentacles: 2
• Body part: mantel
• Jets out water to move: syphen
• How to tell which is ventral side up: syphen is ventral side up
• Black/silver structure: ink sack
• Giant thing in middle that indicates it's female: nidamental gland

Earthworm

• Differentiation of mouth and anus (external): clitellum
• Earthworm sex: hermaphroditic (has both male and female parts, you can't tell them apart)
• Intestines make up 4/5 of earthworms: it takes a lot of worm to get nutrients out of soil

Dogfish Shark

• Snout: rostrum
• Organ to remove salt: rectal gland
• Oily substance produced by liver: buoyancy.
• How to tell if male: has clasper

Turtle

• Pieces of designs on shell: scute

Pig

• Part similar to appendix: cecum
• Oral cavity flat at the end of the mouth: epiglottis, covers airway when swallowing

Tissue Types

• Four types: Connective, muscle, epithelial, nervous.

Kidneys

• Part to collect urine: renal pelvis.

Respiratory System

• Part made of C-shaped cartilage: trachea.

Cardiovascular System

• Organ system group: transport.

Pig's Digestive System

• Duodenum is helped by 3 accessory organs: gallbladder, pancreas, liver.
  • Liver: produces bile, breakdown fat. Bile is secreted by the gallbladder
  • Gallbladder: stores and secrete excess bile.
  • Pancreas: produces pancreatic juice for neutralizing stomach acid, breaks down everything.

Maintenance Group (Organ Systems)

• Requirement: Must add or remove something from the blood.

Sense of Body Awareness

• Name: proprioception.

Eye

• Structure holding photoreceptors: retina.
• Photoreceptors: rods (peripheral vision), cones (detailed vision).

Esophagus

• Smooth muscle movement moving food along: peristalsis.