P.O.M CHAPTER 2

Introduction to Management

• Subject: Principles of Management

• Code: BBA 1133

• Credit Hours: 3

Organizational Basics

• Organizations: Groups of people coordinating to achieve specific goals.

• Goal: Desired future condition of the organization.

• Management: Process of using resources to achieve organizational goals through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.

Organizational Performance

• Efficiency: Measure of resource usage to achieve goals.

  • Managers aim to minimize resource inputs for the same output.

• Effectiveness: Appropriateness of chosen goals and achievement levels.

  • Organizations succeed when the right goals are selected and achieved.

Managerial Functions

• Introduced by Henri Fayol (late 1800s) who outlined four primary functions:

  • Planning: Setting goals.

  • Organizing: Structuring the organization.

  • Leading: Directing people.

  • Controlling: Monitoring progress.

Management Levels

• Three managerial levels:

  • Top Managers: Overall performance, cross-departmental responsibilities.

  • Middle Managers: Supervise first-line managers, optimize departmental resources.

  • First-line Managers: Daily operations and management of staff.

Managerial Roles by Mintzberg

• Defined as tasks relevant to a manager's position:

  • Interpersonal: Managing relationships (e.g. figurehead, leader, liaison).

  • Informational: Handling information (e.g. monitor, disseminator, spokesperson).

  • Decisional: Making decisions (e.g. entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, negotiator).

Skills for Effective Management

• Conceptual Skills: Analyzing situations and causal relationships.

• Human Skills: Understanding, leading, and influencing behavior.

• Technical Skills: Specific job knowledge such as marketing or accounting.

  • Skills improve through training, reading, and practice.